英语翻译chapter3
2023年10月21日发(作者：服装创业计划书(通用17篇))
保洁班长的工作总结怎么写-
英语翻译chapter3
Chapter 3 Lexical Translation:
Abstraction & Specification
1. Introduction
No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work.
Any discourtesy shown to Chinese persons by any official of
the Government will be the cause for immediate dismissal.
人民都拥戴他/支持他。
她是一个冰雪聪明的女孩。
One’s own past may become a gradually increasing weight.
曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。
Every life has its roses and thorns .
别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！
⑴要用英语和外国人交流，你还得提高你的口语水平。
⑵那我们谈谈文艺问题。
⑶那谈谈对目前文艺形式的感想，好吗？
3.1 The Features of the Chinese and the English languages:
3.2 Abstract into Concrete
EC Translation
A. Abstract nouns
A firm’s involvement in exporting products can range from
a minimal commitment all the way to considering exports as
necessary for the firm’s survival and growth.
The financing of the sale often involves bills of exchange and
documentary credits.
There is more to their life than political and social and
economic problems; more than transient everydayness.
Advertisers must realize that people usually are motivated by the
goal of satisfying some combination of two or more needs, and the needs may be both conscious and unconscious.
B. Abstract adverbs
No wonder the multinationals have been growing
fantastically and now dominate many sections of the
international market.
C. Abstract adjectives
Multinational corporations have become so dominant in
some foreign markets that they are now object of political and
economic scrutiny.
Because some hand gestures and body movements are
acceptable in one culture yet deeply offensive in another culture,
they are rarely an appropriate communications aid in
international negotiations.
Throughout the past two decades, GATT (the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) has been increasingly
preoccupied with the trading problems and needs of the
developing countries, which account for more than two-thirds of
its membership.
3.3 Concrete into Abstract:
暴力事件混乱状态
发展活动准确性
耐心态度过敏反应
傲慢态度解决方法
隔离政策不公正的现象
主要观光旅游场所波士顿的知识界人士
1) 逻辑引申
Our unique concept was a response to buyer needs, bringing
greater reliability, higher-quality output, exceptional user-friendliness and operational ease.
You remind me very much of Lenin, whom I met in this very building fifty-two years ago.
The emergence of the peoples of the third world and their
struggle for identity will lead to the flowering(开花，兴旺，繁荣)
of diverse concepts of life in the future.
2) 语用引申
The new father wore a proud smile.
He started to his feet with the intention of awaking the
sleepers, for there was no time to lose.
Clever heads than mine might have seen his drift（动向，趋势）
But I suspected that if I tried to release the wolf, she would
turn aggressive and try to tear me to pieces.
3）修辞引申
See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the
news for the next for weeks was never distinct.
Last night an uninvited guest turned up to make five for
bridge. I had the kind of paper book at hand to make being the
fifth at bridge a joy.
He wouldn’t tell them, but keep them in suspense all day.
Every time I come back from a business trip it makes a new
man of me.
It is very much like communicating with an accurate robot
who has a very small vocabulary and who takes everything
literally.
4) 概念范围的调整
Poetry suffers in translation—and the reader suffers with it.
Tocello, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently
become an outing from Venice.
How they bow to that Cleole because of her hundred
thousand pounds! 5) 词义引申的层次
And now for the good news: Stockholm residents enjoy
sunbathing in November. Antarctic tourism is booming. Siberia
has become the world’s breadbasket.
In order to get a large amount of water power we need a
large pressure and a large current.
A scientist constantly tried to defeat his hypotheses, his
theories, and his conclusion.
3. 4 Discussion
●我们要重视沿海与内地的贫富差距问题。
●我们必须与腐败和各种不公正现象作斗争。
●你必须提出一些解决方案。
●想起他年轻时的一些事情，他心里感到安慰。
●他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。
3.1.6 Summary
●抽象名词在英语中的使用相当普遍，在现代英语中它的重复率很高，而其词义多变，搭配灵活，
在很多文体中都能适用。英译汉时，要“化虚为实”，提高转换的可能性。汉语中有很多表示具体意义的名词，在翻译过程中要译成抽象名词，这是从译入语的表达习惯上去考虑的。
Chapter 3
翻译下列句子，注意词语的具体化、概括化和褒贬彩
1. Because they know where they’ve come from, they know
where they’re at, and they know where they’re going.
2. I committed myself to make up for past mistakes to fight
corruption and injustices and to form a national government to
carry out free election.
3. I’m afraid she’s too far from the cradle for you.
4. A conference of developing countries and richer
industrialized states has convened in Washington, attempting to identify priorities for improving life among poor areas of the
world.
5. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a
government without newspapers or newspapers without a
government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
6. Even his closest colleagues profess not to know whether
he is a hawk or a dove.
7. I was not one to let my heart rule my head.
8. Under those conditions, all international morality or
international laws become impossible.
9. It is the champion of the colonial regime and of apartheid.
10. Your country is a consistent and resolute champion of all
the people who struggle against imperialist aggression,
oppression and tyranny.
1 翻译下列短文，注意词义的引申
Observing laws may help investors to gain the protection of
the government which is the most powerful and dependable
guarantee. But as no key can open every lock, codes can only
deal with specific hazards. So it is necessary for personal
experience and expert advice to make up for the weakness.
Personal experience and expert advice include past
performances, professional education and training, and
communication with policy makers, facility owners and users. For
years, personal experience and expert advice have been widely
used in managing risk and have proved to be very useful and
practicable. During the process of designing Shanghai Pudong
Airport in 1995, a coastologist, after careful investigations and
scientific analysis, came up with the suggestion that the airport
should be built on the seabeach instead of behind the sea wall.
Later this suggestion proved to be practicable and saved 360 million yuan. With the emergence of new computer-based tools
new methods of managing risk are continuously coming out
universities and research laboratories into general application. To
achieve better safety and more benefits at reasonable costs
people should also improve their self-qualities continuously to
keep up with the technique development. In addition, both the
government and the public should not only adopt a risk-based
approach but also be fully prepared to deal effectively with
potentially severe risks.