中国人民银行贷款通则全文(最新版)
2022年11月21日发(作者:关于荷花的诗句(精选50句))
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中国人民银行《贷款通则》
第一章总则
第一条为了规范贷款行为,维护借贷双方的合法权益,保证信贷资产的安全,提高贷款使用
的整体效益,促进社会经济的持续发展,根据《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》、《中华人民共
和国商业银行法》等有关法律规定,制定本通则。
第二条本通则所称贷款人,系指在中国境内依法设立的经营贷款业务的中资金融机构。
本通则所称借款人,系指从经营贷款业务的中资金融机构取得贷款的法人、其他经济组织、
个体工商户和自然人。
本通则中所称贷款系指贷款人对借款人提供的并按约定的利率和期限还本付息的货币资金。
本通则中的贷款币种包括人民币和外币。
第三条贷款的发放和使用应当符合国家的法律、行政法规和中国人民银行发布的行政规章,
应当遵循效益性、安全性和流动性的原则。
第四条借款人与贷款人的借贷活动应当遵循平等、自愿、公平和诚实信用的原则。
第五条贷款人开展贷款业务,应当遵循公平竞争、密切协作的原则,不得从事不正当竞争。
第六条中国人民银行及其分支机构是实施《贷款通则》的监管机关。
第二章贷款种类
第七条自营贷款、委托贷款和特定贷款:
自营贷款,系指贷款人以合法方式筹集的资金自主发放的贷款,其风险由贷款人承担,并由
贷款人收回本金和利息。
委托贷款,系指由政府部门、企事业单位及个人等委托人提供资金,由贷款人(即受托人)
根据委托人确定的贷款对象、用途、金额期限、利率等代为发放、监督使用并协助收回的贷款。
贷款人(受托人)只收取手续费,不承担贷款风险。
特定贷款,系指经国务院批准并对贷款可能造成的损失采取相应补救措施后责成国有独资商
业银行发放的贷款。
第八条短期贷款、中期贷款和长期贷款:
短期贷款,系指贷款期限在1年以内(含1年)的贷款。
中期贷款,系指贷款期限在1年以上(不含1年)5年以下(含5年)的贷款;
长期贷款,系指贷款期限在5年(不含5年)以上的贷款。
第九条信用贷款、担保贷款和票据贴现:
信用贷款,系指以借款人的信誉发放的贷款;
担保贷款,系指保证贷款、抵押贷款、质押贷款;
保证贷款,系指按《中华人民共和国担保法》规定的保证方式以第三人承诺在借款人不能偿
还贷款时,按约定承担一般保证责任或者连带责任而发放的贷款;
抵押贷款,系指按《中华人民共和国担保法》规定的抵押方式以借款人或第三人的财产作为
抵押物发放的贷款;
质押贷款,系指按《中华人民共和国担保法》规定的质押方式以借款人或第三人的动产或权
利作为质物发放的贷款;
票据贴现,系指贷款人以购买借款人未到期商业票据的方式发放的贷款。
第十条除委托贷款以外,贷款人发放贷款,借款人应当提供担保。贷款人应当对保证人的偿
还能力、抵押物、质物的权属和价值以及实现抵押权、质权的可行性进行严格审查。
经贷款审查、评估,确认借款人资信良好,确能偿还贷款的,可以不提供担保。
第三章贷款期限和利率
第十一条贷款期限:
贷款限期根据借款人的生产经营周期、还款能力和贷款人的资金供给能力由借贷双方共同商
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议后确定,并在借款合同中载明。
自营贷款期限最长一般不得超过10年,超过10年应当报中国人民银行备案。
票据贴现的贴现期限最长不得超过6个月,贴现期限为从贴现之日起到票据到期日止。
第十二条贷款展期:
不能按期归还贷款的,借款人应当在贷款到期日之前,向贷款人申请贷款展期。是否展期由
贷款人决定。申请保证贷款、抵押贷款、质押贷款展期的,还应当由保证人、抵押人、出质人出
具同意的书面证明。已有约定的,按照约定执行。
短期贷款展期期限累计不得超过原贷款期限;中期贷款展期期限累计不得超过原贷款期限的
一半;长期贷款展期期限累计不得超过3年。国家另有规定者除外。借款人未申请展期或申请展
期末得到批准,其贷款从到期日次日起,转入逾期贷款帐户。
第十三条贷款利率的确定:
贷款人应当按照中国人民银行规定的贷款利率的上下限,确定每笔贷款利率,并在借款合同
中载明。
第十四条贷款利息的计收:
贷款人和借款人应当按借款合同和中国人民银行有关计息规定按期计收或交付利息。
贷款的展期期限加上原期限达到新的利率期限档次时,从展期之日起,贷款利息按新的期限
档次利率计收。
逾期贷款按规定计收罚息。
第十五条贷款的贴息:
根据国家政策,为了促进某些产业和地区经济的发展,有关部门可以对贷款补贴利息。
对有关部门贴息的贷款,承办银行应当自主审查发放,并根据本通则有关规定严格管理。
第十六条贷款停息、减息、缓息和免息:
除国务院决定外,任何单位和个人无权决定停息、减息、缓息和免息。贷款人应当依据国务
院决定,按照职责权限范围具体办理停息、减息、缓息和免息。
第四章借款人
第十七条借款人应当是经工商行政管理机关(或主管机关)核准登记的企(事)业法人、其
他经济组织、个体工商户或具有中华人民共和国国籍的具有完全民事行为能力的自然人。
借款人申请贷款,应当具备产品有市场、生产经营有效益、不挤占挪用信贷资金、恪守信用
等基本条件,并且应当符合以下要求:
一、有按期还本付息的能力,原应付贷款利息和到期贷款已清偿;没有清偿的,已经做了贷
款人认可的偿还计划。
二、除自然人和不需要经工商部门核准登记的事业法人外,应当经过工商部门办理年检手续。
三、已开立基本帐户或一般存款帐户。
四、除国务院规定外,有限责任公司和股份有限公司对外股本权益性投资累计额未超过其净
资产总额的50%。
五、借款人的资产负债率符合贷款人的要求。
六、申请中期、长期贷款的,新建项目的企业法人所有者权益与项目所需总投资的比例不低
于国家规定的投资项目的资本金比例。
第十八条借款人的权利:
一、可以自主向主办银行或者其他银行的经办机构申请贷款并依条件取得贷款;
二、有权按合同约定提取和使用全部贷款;
三、有权拒绝借款合同以外的附加条件;
四、有权向贷款人的上级和中国人民银行反映、举报有关情况;
五、在征得贷款人同意后,有权向第三人转让债务。
第十九条借款人的义务:
一、应当如实提供贷款人要求的资料(法律规定不能提供者除外),应当向贷款人如实提供所
有开户行、帐号及存贷款余额情况,配合贷款人的调查、审查和检查;
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二、应当接受贷款人对其使用信贷资金情况和有关生产经营、财务活动的监督;
三、应当按借款合同约定用途使用贷款;
四、应当按借款合同约定及时清偿贷款本息;
五、将债务全部或部分转让给第三人的,应当取得贷款人的同意;
六、有危及贷款人债权安全情况时,应当及时通知贷款人,同时采取保全措施。
第二十条对借款人的限制:
一、不得在一个贷款人同一辖区内的两个或两个以上同级分支机构取得贷款。
二、不得向贷款人提供虚假的或者隐瞒重要事实的资产负债表、损益表等。
三、不得用贷款从事股本权益性投资,国家另有规定的除外。
四、不得用贷款在有价证券、期货等方面从事投机经营。
五、除依法取得经营房地产资格的借款人以外,不得用贷款经营房地产业务;依法取得经营
房地产资格的借款人,不得用贷款从事房地产投机。
六、不得套取贷款用于借贷牟取非法收入。
七、不得违反国家外汇管理规定使用外币贷款。
八、不得采取欺诈手段骗取贷款。
第五章贷款人
第二十一条贷款人必须经中国人民银行批准经营贷款业务,持有中国人民银行颁发的《金融
机构法人许可证》或《金融机构营业许可证》,并经工商行政管理部门核准登记。
第二十二条贷款人的权利:
根据贷款条件和贷款程序自主审查和决定贷款,除国务院批准的特定贷款外,有权拒绝任何
单位和个人强令其发放贷款或者提供担保。
一、要求借款人提供与借款有关的资料;
二、根据借款人的条件,决定贷与不贷、贷款金额、期限和利率等;
三、了解借款人的生产经营活动和财务活动;
四、依合同约定从借款入帐户上划收贷款本金和利息;
五、借款人未能履行借款合同规定义务的,贷款人有权依合同约定要求借款人提前归还贷款
或停止支付借款人尚未使用的贷款;
六、在贷款将受或已受损失时,可依据合同规定,采取使贷款免受损失的措施。
第二十三条贷款人的义务:
一、应当公布所经营的贷款的种类、期限和利率,并向借款人提供咨询。
二、应当公开贷款审查的资信内容和发放贷款的条件。
三、贷款人应当审议借款人的借款申请,并及时答复贷与不贷。短期贷款答复时间不得超过
1个月,中期、长期贷款答复时间不得超过六个月;国家另有规定者除外。
四、应当对借款人的债务、财务、生产、经营情况保密,但对依法查询者除外。
第二十四条对贷款人的限制:
一、贷款的发放必须严格执行《中华人民共和国商业银行法》第三十九条关于资产负债比例
管理的有关规定,第四十条关于不得向关系人发放信用贷款、向关系人发放担保贷款的条件不得
优于其他借款人同类贷款条件的规定。
二、借款人有下列情形之一者,不得对其发放贷款:
(一)不具备本通则第四章第十七条所规定的资格和条件的;
(二)生产、经营或投资国家明文禁止的产品、项目的;
(三)违反国家外汇管理规定的;
(四)建设项目按国家规定应当报有关部门批准而未取得批准文件的;
(五)生产经营或投资项目未取得环境保护部门许可的;
(六)在实行承包、租赁、联营、合并(兼并)、合作、分立、产权有偿转让、股份制改造等
体制变更过程中,未清偿原有贷款债务、落实原有贷款债务或提供相应担保的;
(七)有其他严重违法经营行为的。
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三、未经中国人民银行批准,不得对自然人发放外币币种的贷款。
四、自营贷款和特定贷款,除按中国人民银行规定计收利息之外,不得收取其他任何费用;
委托贷款,除按中国人民银行规定计收手续费之外,不得收取其他任何费用。
五、不得给委托人垫付资金,国家另有规定的除外。
六、严格控制信用贷款,积极推广担保贷款。
第六章贷款程序
第二十五条贷款申请:
借款人需要贷款,应当向主办银行或者其他银行的经办机构直接申请。
借款人应当填写包括借款金额、借款用途、偿还能力及还款方式等主要内容的《借款申请书》
并提供以下资料:
一、借款人及保证人基本情况;
二、财政部门或会计(审计)事务所核准的上年度财务报告,以及申请借款前一期的财务报
告;
三、原有不合理占用的贷款的纠正情况;
四、抵押物、质物清单和有处分权人的同意抵押、质押的证明及保证人拟同意保证的有关证
明文件;
五、项目建议书和可行性报告;
六、贷款人认为需要提供的其他有关资料。
第二十六条对借款人的信用等级评估:
应当根据借款人的领导者素质、经济实力、资金结构、履约情况、经营效益和发展前景等因
素,评定借款人的信用等级。评级可由贷款人独立进行,内部掌握,也可由有权部门批准的评估
机构进行。
第二十七条贷款调查:
贷款人受理借款人申请后,应当对借款人的信用等级以及借款的合法性、安全性、盈利性等
情况进行调查,核实抵押物、质物、保证人情况,测定贷款的风险度。
第二十八条贷款审批:
贷款人应当建立审贷分离、分级审批的贷款管理制度。审查人员应当对调查人员提供的资料
进行核实、评定,复测贷款风险度,提出意见,按规定权限报批。
第二十九条签订借款合同:
所有贷款应当由贷款人与借款人签订借款合同。借款合同应当约定借款种类,借款用途、金
额、利率,借款期限,还款方式,借、贷双方的权利、义务,违约责任和双方认为需要约定的其
他事项。
保证贷款应当由保证人与贷款人签订保证合同,或保证人在借款合同上载明与贷款人协商一
致的保证条款,加盖保证人的法人公章,并由保证人的法定代表人或其授权代理人签署姓名。抵
押贷款、质押贷款应当由抵押人、出质人与贷款人签订抵押合同、质押合同,需要办理登记的,
应依法办理登记。
第三十条贷款发放:
贷款人要按借款合同规定按期发放贷款。贷款人不按合同约定按期发放贷款的,应偿付违约
金。借款人不按合同约定用款的,应偿付违约金。
第三十一条贷后检查:
贷款发放后,贷款人应当对借款人执行借款合同情况及借款人的经营情况进行追踪调查和检
查。
第三十二条贷款归还:
借款人应当按照借款合同规定按时足额归还贷款本息。
贷款人在短期贷款到期1个星期之前、中长期贷款到期1个月之前,应当向借款人发送还本
付息通知单;借款人应当及时筹备资金,按时还本付息。
贷款人对逾期的贷款要及时发出催收通知单,做好逾期贷款本息的催收工作。
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贷款人对不能按借款合同约定期限归还的贷款,应当按规定加罚利息;对不能归还或者不能
落实还本付息事宜的,应当督促归还或者依法起诉。
借款人提前归还贷款,应当与贷款人协商。
第七章不良贷款监管
第三十三条贷款人应当建立和完善贷款的质量监管制度,对不良贷款进行分类、登记、考核
和催收。
第三十四条不良贷款系指呆帐贷款、呆滞贷款、逾期贷款。
呆帐贷款,系指按财政部有关规定列为呆帐的贷款。
呆滞贷款,系指按财政部有关规定,逾期(含展期后到期)超过规定年限以上仍未归还的贷
款,或虽未逾期或逾期不满规定年限但生产经营已终止、项目已停建的贷款(不含呆帐贷款)。
逾期贷款,系指借款合同约定到期(含展期后到期)未归还的贷款(不含呆滞贷款和呆帐贷
款)。
第三十五条不良贷款的登记:
不良贷款由会计、信贷部门提供数据,由稽核部门负责审核并按规定权限认定,贷款人应当
按季填报不良贷款情况表。在报上级行的同时,应当报中国人民银行当地分支机构。
第三十六条不良贷款的考核:
贷款人的呆帐贷款、呆滞贷款、逾期贷款不得超过中国人民银行规定的比例。贷款人应当对
所属分支机构下达和考核呆账贷款、呆滞贷款和逾期贷款的有关指标。
第三十七条不良贷款的催收和呆帐贷款的冲销:
信贷部门负责不良贷款的催收,稽核部门负责对催收情况的检查。贷款人应当按照国家有关
规定提取呆帐准备金,并按照呆帐冲销的条件和程序冲销呆帐贷款。
未经国务院批准,贷款人不得豁免贷款。除国务院批准外,任何单位和个人不得强令贷款人
豁免贷款。
第八章贷款管理责任制
第三十八条贷款管理实行行长(经理、主任,下同)负责制。
贷款实行分级经营管理,各级行长应当在授权范围内对贷款的发放和收回负全部责任。行长
可以授权副行长或贷款管理部门负责审批贷款,副行长或贷款管理部门负责人应当对行长负责。
第三十九条贷款人各级机构应当建立有行长或副行长(经理、主任,下同)和有关部门负责
人参加的贷款审查委员会(小组),负责贷款的审查。
第四十条建立审贷分离制:
贷款调查评估人员负责贷款调查评估,承担调查失误和评估失准的责任;贷款审查人员负责
贷款风险的审查,承担审查失误的责任;贷款发放人员负责贷款的检查和清收,承担检查失误、
清收不力的责任。
第四十一条建立贷款分级审批制:
贷款人应当根据业务量大小、管理水平和贷款风险度确定各级分支机构的审批权限,超过审
批权限的贷款,应当报上级审批。各级分支机构应当根据贷款种类、借款人的信用等级和抵押物、
质物、保证人等情况确定每一笔贷款的风险度。
第四十二条建立和健全信贷工作岗位责任制:
各级贷款管理部门应将贷款管理的每一个环节的管理责任落实到部门、岗位、个人,严格划
分各级信贷工作人员的职责。
第四十三条贷款人对大额借款人建立驻厂信贷员制度。
第四十四条建立离职审计制:
贷款管理人员在调离原工作岗位时,应当对其在任职期间和权限内所发放的贷款风险情况进
行审计。
第九章贷款债权保全和清偿的管理
第四十五条借款人不得违反法律规定,借兼并、破产或者股份制改造等途径,逃避银行债务,
侵吞信贷资金;不得借承包、租赁等途径逃避贷款人的信贷监管以及偿还贷款本息的责任。
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第四十六条贷款人有权参与处于兼并、破产或股份制改造等过程中的借款人的债务重组,应
当要求借款人落实贷款还本付息事宜。
第四十七条贷款人应当要求实行承包、租赁经营的借款人,在承包、租赁合同中明确落实原
贷款债务的偿还责任。
第四十八条贷款人对实行股份制改造的借款人,应当要求其重新签订借款合同,明确原贷款
债务的清偿责任。
对实行整体股份制改造的借款人,应当明确其所欠贷款债务由改造后公司全部承担;对实行
部分股份制改造的借款人,应当要求改造后的股份公司按占用借款人的资本金或资产的比例承担
原借款人的贷款债务。
第四十九条贷款人对联营后组成新的企业法人的借款人,应当要求其依据所占用的资本金或
资产的比例将贷款债务落实到新的企业法人。
第五十条贷款人对合并(兼并)的借款人,应当要求其在合并(兼并)前清偿贷款债务或提
供相应的担保。
借款人不清偿贷款债务或未提供相应担保,贷款人应当要求合并(兼并)企业或合并后新成
立的企业承担归还原借款人贷款的义务,并与之重新签订有关合同或协议。
第五十一条贷款人对与外商合资(合作)的借款人,应当要求其继续承担合资(合作)前的
贷款归还责任,并要求其将所得收益优先归还贷款。借款人用已作为贷款抵押、质押的财产与外
商合资(合作)时必须征求贷款人同意。
第五十二条贷款人对分立的借款人,应当要求其在分立前清偿贷款债务或提供相应的担保。
借款人不清偿贷款债务或未提供相应担保,贷款人应当要求分立后的各企业,按照分立时所
占资本或资产比例或协议,对原借款人所欠贷款承担清偿责任。对设立于公司的借款人,应当要
求其子公司按所得资本或资产的比例承担和偿还母公司相应的贷款债务。
第五十三条贷款人对产权有偿转让或申请解散的借款人,应当要求其在产权转让或解散前必
须落实贷款债务的清偿。
第五十四条贷款人应当按照有关法律参与借款人破产财产的认定与债权债务的处置,对于破
产借款人已设定财产抵押、质押或其他担保的贷款债权,贷款人依法享有优先受偿权;无财产担
保的贷款债权按法定程序和比例受偿。
第十章贷款管理特别规定
第五十五条建立贷款主办行制度:
借款人应按中国人民银行的规定与其开立基本帐户的贷款人建立贷款主办行关系。
借款人发生企业分立、股份制改造、重大项目建设等涉及信贷资金使用和安全的重大经济活
动,事先应当征求主办行的意见。一个借款人只能有一个贷款主办行,主办行应当随基本帐户的
变更而变更。
主办行不包资金,但应当按规定有计划地对借款人提供贷款,为借款人提供必要的信息咨询、
代理等金融服务。
贷款主办行制度与实施办法,由中国人民银行另行规定。
第五十六条银团贷款应当确定一个贷款人为牵头行,并签订银团贷款协议,明确各贷款人的
权利和义务,共同评审贷款项目。牵头行应当按协议确定的比例监督贷款的偿还。银团贷款管理
办法由中国人民银行另行规定。
第五十七条特定贷款管理:
国有独资商业银行应当按国务院规定发放和管理特定贷款。
特定贷款管理办法另行规定。
第五十八条非银行金融机构贷款的种类、对象、范围,应当符合中国人民银行规定。
第五十九条贷款人发放异地贷款,或者接受异地存款,应当报中国人民银行当地分支机构备
案。
第六十条信贷资金不得用于财政支出。
第六十一条各级行政部门和企事业单位、供销合作社等合作经济组织、农村合作基金会和其
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他基金会,不得经营存贷款等金融业务。企业之间不得违反国家规定办理借贷或者变相借贷融资
业务。
第十一章罚则
第六十二条贷款人违反资产负债比例管理有关规定发放贷款的,应当依照《中华人民共和国
商业银行法》第七十五条,由中国人民银行责令改正,处以罚款,有违法所得的没收违法所得,
并且应当依照第七十六条对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员给予处罚。
第六十三条贷款人违反规定向关系人发放信用贷款或者发放担保贷款的条件优于其他借款
人同类贷款条件的,应当依照《中华人民共和国商业银行法》第七十四条处罚,并且应当依照第
七十六条对有关直接责任人员给予处罚。
第六十四条贷款人的工作人员对单位或者个人强令其发放贷款或者提供担保未予拒绝的,应
当依照《中华人民共和国商业银行法》第八十五条给予纪律处分,造成损失的应当承担相应的赔
偿责任。
第六十五条贷款人的有关责任人员违反本通则有关规定,应当给予纪律处分和罚款;情节严
重或屡次违反的,应当调离工作岗位,取消任职资格;造成严重经济损失或者构成其他经济犯罪
的,应当依照有关法律规定追究刑事责任。
第六十六条贷款人有下列情形之一,由中国人民银行责令改正;逾期不改正的,中国人民银
行可以处以5干元以上1万元以下罚款;
一、没有公布所经营贷款的种类、期限、利率的;
二、没有公开贷款条件和发放贷款时要审查的内容的;
三、没有在规定期限内答复借款人贷款申请的。
第六十七条贷款人有下列情形之一,由中国人民银行责令改正;有违法所得的,没收违法所
得,并处以违法所得1倍以上3倍以下罚款;没有违法所得的,处以五万元以上三十万元以下罚
款;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任:
一、贷款人违反规定代垫委托贷款资金的;
二、未经中国人民银行批准,对自然人发放外币贷款的;
三、贷款人违反中国人民银行规定,对自营贷款或者特定贷款在计收利息之外收取其他任何
费用的,或者对委托贷款在计收手续费之外收取其他任何费用的。
第六十八条任何单位和个人强令银行发放贷款或者提供担保的,应当依照《中华人民共和国
商业银行法》第八十五条,对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员或者个人给予纪律处分;
造成经济损失的,承担全部或者部分赔偿责任。
第六十九条借款人采取欺诈手段骗取贷款,构成犯罪的,应当依照《中华人民共和国商业银
行法》第八十条等法律规定处以罚款并追究刑事责任。
第七十条借款人违反本通则第九章第四十二条规定,蓄意通过兼并、破产或者股份制改造等
途径侵吞信贷资金的,应当依据有关法律规定承担相应部分的赔偿责任并处以罚款;造成贷款人
重大经济损失的,应当依照有关法律规定追究直接责任人员的刑事责任。
借款人违反本通则第九章其他条款规定,致使贷款债务落空,由贷款人停止发放新贷款,并
提前收回原发放的贷款。造成信贷资产损失的,借款人及其主管人员或其他个人,应当承担部分
或全部赔偿责任。在未履行赔偿责任之前,其他任何贷款人不得对其发放贷款。
第七十一条借款人有下列情形之一,由贷款人对其部分或全部贷款加收利息;情节特别严重
的,由贷款人停止支付借款人尚未使用的贷款,并提前收回部分或全部贷款:
一、不按借款合同规定用途使用贷款的。
二、用贷款进行股本权益性投资的。
三、用贷款在有价证券、期货等方面从事投机经营的。
四、未依法取得经营房地产资格的借款人用贷款经营房地产业务的;依法取得经营房地产资
格的借款人,用贷款从事房地产投机的。
五、不按借款合同规定清偿贷款本息的。
六、套取贷款相互借贷牟取非法收入的。
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第七十二条借款人有下列情形之一,由贷款人责令改正。情节特别严重或逾期不改正的,由
贷款人停止支付借款人尚未使用的贷款,并提前收回部分或全部贷款:
一、向贷款人提供虚假或者隐瞒重要事实的资产负债表、损益表等资料的;
二、不如实向贷款人提供所有开户行、帐号及存贷款余额等资料的;
三、拒绝接受贷款人对其使用信贷资金情况和有关生产经营、财务活动监督的。
第七十三条行政部门、企事业单位、股份合作经济组织、供销合作社、农村合作基金会和其
他基金会擅自发放贷款的;企业之间擅自办理借贷或者变相借贷的,由中国人民银行对出借方按
违规收入处以l倍以上至5倍以下罚款,并由中国人民银行予以取缔。
第七十四条当事人对中国人民银行处罚决定不服的,可按《中国人民银行行政复议办法(试
行)》的规定申请复议,复议期间仍按原处罚执行。
第十二章附则
第七十五条国家政策性银行、外资金融机构(含外资、中外合资、外资金融机构的分支机构
等)的贷款管理办法,由中国人民银行另行制定。
第七十六条有关外国政府贷款、出口信贷、外商贴息贷款、出口信贷项下的对外担保以及与
上述贷款配套的国际商业贷款的管理办法,由中国人民银行另行制定。
第七十七条贷款人可根据本通则制定实施细则,报中国人民银行备案。
第七十八条本通则自实施之日起,中国人民银行和各贷款人在此以前制定的各种规定,与本
通则有抵触者,以本通则为准。
第七十九条本通则由中国人民银行负责解释。
第八十条本通则自一九九六年八月一日起施行。
People’sBankofChina,LendingGeneralProvisions
中国人民银行令[1996]年2号
颁布日期:19960628实施日期:19960801颁布单位:中国人民银行
PARTONE:GENERALPROVISIONS
Article1TheseGeneralProvisionsareformulatedinaccordancewiththePRC,
People’sBankofChinaLawandthePRC,CommercialBankingLawandotherrelevant
lawsandregulationsinordertoregulatelendingactivities,safeguardthelawfulrightsand
interestsoflendersandborrowers,guaranteethesafetyofcreditloanassets,enhancethe
overallbenefitofloanusageandpromotethecontinueddevelopmentofthesocialist
economy.
Article2Theterm“lenders”intheseGeneralProvisionsshallreferto
Chinese-investedfinancialorganizationsengagedinthelendingbusinessthatwere
lawfullyestablishedinsidethePeople’sRepublicofChina.
Theterm“borrowers”intheseGeneralProvisionsshallrefertolegalpersons,other
economicorganizations,individualindustrialistsormerchantsornaturalpersonsthat
obtainloansfromaChinese-investedfinancialorganizationengagedinthelending
business.
9
Theterm“loans”intheseGeneralProvisionsshallrefertomonetaryfundsthata
lenderprovidestoaborrowerandtheprincipalofwhichistoberepaid,andintereston
whichistoberepaidatanagreedrateandwithinanagreedtimelimit.
Theterm“loancurrency”intheseGeneralProvisionsshallincludeRenminbiand
foreigncurrency.
Article3Thegrantinganduseofaloanshallconformtothelawsandadministrative
regulationsoftheStateandtheadministrativerulesandregulationspromulgatedbythe
People’sBankofChina,andshallrespecttheprinciplesofbeneficiality,securityand
liquidity.
Article4Lendingandborrowingactivitiesbetweenaborrowerandalendershall
abidebytheprincipleofequality,voluntariness,fairnessandhonestyand
trustworthiness.
Article5Inthedevelopmentoflendingbusiness,lendersshallabidebythe
principleoffaircompetitionandcloseco-operation,andmaynotengageinunfair
competition.
Article6ThePeople’sBankofChinaanditsbranchesshallbetheregulatory
authoritiesfortheimplementationoftheLendingGeneralProvisions.
PARTTWOTYPESOFLOANS
Article7Loansforone’sownaccount,entrustedloansandspeciallydesignated
loans:
“Loansforone’sownaccount”shallrefertoloansgrantedonone’sowninitiative
usingfundsraisedbylawfulmeans,theriskofwhichshallbebornebythelender,andof
whichtheprincipalandinterestshallbecollectedbythelender.
“Entrustedloans”shallrefertoloansforwhichthefundsareprovidedbyan
entrustingpartysuchasagovernmentdepartment,aunitofanenterpriseorinstitution,
oranindividual,ofwhichtheuseissupervisedandtherecoveryassistedbythelender
(beingtheentrustedparty)inaccordancewiththeloanbeneficiary,purpose,amount,
term,interestrate,der(beingthe
entrustedparty)receivesonlyahandlingfeebutdoesnotbeartheloanrisk.
“Speciallydesignatedloans”shallrefertoloanswhichawhollyState-owned
commercialbankisorderedtograntuponapprovalbytheStateCouncil,andafter
appropriateremedialmeasuresareadoptedtocoverlossesthatmayarisefromsuchaloan.
Article8Short-term,medium-termandlong-termloans:
“Short-termloan”shallrefertoloanwithatermofoneyearorless(includingone
year)。
10
“Medium-termloan”shallrefertoaloanwithatermofoveroneyear(notincluding
oneyear)andnotmorethanfiveyears(includingfiveyears)。
“Long-termloan”shallrefertoaloanwithatermofoverfiveyears(notincluding
fiveyears)。
Article9Fiduciaryloans,securedloansanddiscountingofnegotiableinstruments:
“Fiduciaryloan”shallrefertoaloangrantedonthereputationoftheborrower.
“Securedloan”shallrefertoaguaranteedloan,mortgageloanorpledgeloan.
“Guaranteedloan”shallrefertoaloangrantedundertheconditionthatathirdparty
undertakestobearordinaryorjointandseveralguaranteeliabilityasagreed,in
accordancewiththeformsofguaranteestipulatedinthePRC,SecurityLaw,ifthe
borrowerfailstorepaytheloan.
“Mortgageloan”shallrefertoaloangrantedagainstthepropertyoftheborrowerora
thirdpartyasthemortgagedproperty,inaccordancewiththeformsofmortgage
stipulatedinthePRC,SecurityLaw.
“Pledgeloan”shallrefertoaloangrantedagainstmovablepropertyorarightofthe
borrowerorathirdpartyasapledgediteminaccordancewiththeformsofpledge
stipulatedinthePRC,SecurityLaw.
“Discountingofnegotiableinstrument”shallrefertoaloangrantedthroughthe
purchasebythelenderofacommercialnegotiableinstrumentbeforematurityfromthe
borrower.
Article10Exceptinthecaseofanentrustedloan,wherealendergrantsaloan,
dershallconductastrictexaminationinto
therepaymentcapabilityoftheguarantor,andtheownershipandvalueofamortgaged
propertyorpledgeditem,aswellasthefeasibilityofrealizingthemortgagerightsor
pledgingrights.
Where,uponloanexaminationandassessment,thegoodcreditworthinessand
actualcapabilitytorepaytheloanoftheborrowerisappraisedandconfirmed,itis
permissibleforaguaranteenottobeprovided.
PARTTHREETERMANDINTERESTRATEOFALOAN
Article11Termofaloan:
Thetermofaloanshallbedeterminedafterconsultationsbetweenthelenderandthe
borroweraccordingtotheborrower’sproductionorbusinesscycleandrepayment
capability,andthelender’sabilitytoprovidefunds,andshallbestatedclearlyinthe
lendingcontract.
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Thetermofaloanforone’
withatermexceeding10yearsshallbereportedtothePeople’sBankofChinaforthe
record.
Thetermofdiscountforthediscountingofnegotiableinstrumentsshallnotexceedsix
mofdiscountshallbefromthedateofdiscountingtothedateofmaturity
ofthenegotiableinstruments.
Article12Extensionofthetermofaloan:
Wherealoancannotberepaidontime,theborrowershall,beforethedateof
maturityoftheloan,
napplicationismadefor
extensionofthetermofaguaranteedloan,mortgageloanorpledgeloan,theguarantor,
mortga
arrangementshavealreadybeenmade,mattersshallbeimplementedinaccordancewith
sucharrangements.
Extensionsofthetermofashort-termloanmaynotcumulativelyexceedtheoriginal
termoftheloan;extensionsofthetermofamedium-termloanmaynotcumulatively
exceedhalfoftheoriginaltermoftheloan;andextensionsofthetermofalong-termloan
maynotcumulativelyexceedthreeyears,unlessregulationsoftheStateprovide
borrowerdoesnotapplyforanextension,ortheapplicationforan
extensionisnotapproved,theloanshallbecomeanoverdueloanaccountasoftheday
afterthedateofmaturityoftheloan.
Article13Determinationofinterestonaloan
Thelendershallconfirmtheinterestrateforeachloaninaccordancewiththe
maximumandminimumlendinginterestratesspecifiedbythePeople’sBankofChina,
andspecifytherateintheloancontract.
Article14Calculationandcollectionofinterestonaloan
Thelenderandtheborrowershallcalculateandcollectorpayinterestonschedulein
accordancewiththelendingcontractandregulationsofthePeople’sBankofChina
regardingthecalculationofinterest.
Iftheextendedandtheoriginalterms,whenaddedtogether,fallwithinanew
interestratebracket,lendinginterestfromthedateoftheextensionshallbecalculatedand
collectedinaccordancewiththenewinterestratebracket.
Penaltyinterestshallbecalculatedandcollectedonoverdueloansinaccordancewith
regulations.
Article15Subsidizedinterestforloans:
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BasedonStatepolicy,relevantdepartmentsmaysubsidizeinterestforloans,in
ordertopromotetheeconomicdevelopmentofcertainindustriesorregions.
Abankthatundertakesloansforwhichrelevantdepartmentssubsidizeinterest,shall
investigateandgrantsuchloansontheirowninitiative,andshallstrictlyadministrate
suchloansinaccordancewithrelevantregulationsoftheseGeneralProvisions.
Article16Suspension,reductionordefermentof,orexemptionfrom,loan
interest:
ExceptwheredecidedbytheStateCouncil,noworkunitsorindividualsshallhave
therighttodecideonasuspension,reductionordefermentof,orexemptionfrom,
sshallspecificallyhandlethesuspension,reductionordefermentof,or
exemptionfrom,interestbasedonthedecisionoftheStateCouncil,inaccordancewith
theirlimitsofauthorityandresponsibility.
PARTFOURBORROWERS
Article17Aborrowershallbeanenterpriselegalperson,institutionlegalpersonor
othereconomicorganization,individualindustrialistormerchantapprovedandregistered
bytheadministrativeauthoritiesfortheadministrationofindustryandcommerce(orthe
authorities-in-charge),oranaturalpersonwithfullcapacityforcivilactsandaPRC
national.
Aborrowerapplyingforaloanshallsatisfysuchbasicconditionsashavingamarket
forhisoritsproducts,havingprofitableproductionorbusinessoperations,not
wrongfullyseizingormisappropriatingloanfunds,andbeingscrupulouslycreditworthy,
andshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:
letopayofftheprincipalandinterestaccordingtoschedule,andtohave
alreadypaidofftheinterestonpreviousloansanddueloans;wheresuchpaymentshave
notbeenpaidoff,tohavemadearepaymentplanapprovedbythelender;
gonethroughtheannualinspectionbythedepartmentsforindustryand
commerce,exceptinthecaseofanaturalpersonoraninstitutionlegalpersonthatisnot
requiredtoundergoapprovalandregistrationbythedepartmentsforindustryand
commerce;
alreadyopenedabasicaccountoranordinarysavingsaccount;
,inthecaseofalimitedliabilitycompanyorcompanylimitedbyshares,the
cumulativeamountofitsequityinvestmentinoutsidesharesdoesnotexceed50percentof
itstotalnetassets,exceptwhereotherwisestipulatedbytheStateCouncil;
edebt-equityratiooftheborrowerconformswiththerequirementsofthe
lender;and
13
napplicationforamedium-orlong-termloanismade,theratioofthe
ownershipinterestoftheenterpriselegalpersoninanewconstructionprojecttothetotal
investmentnecessaryfortheprojectisnotlessthanthecapitalfundratioforinvestment
projectsstipulatedbytheState.
Article18Rightsofaborrower:
wermayapplyforaloanonhisoritsowninitiativefromthemanagement
organizationofhisoritsloanorganizerorotherbankandobtainaloanaccordingtothe
conditions;
wershallhavetherighttodrawdownandusetheentireloanasagreedin
thecontract;
wershallhavetherighttorejectattachedconditionsnotincludedintheloan
contract;
wershallhavetherighttoreferandreportrelevantdetailstothelender’s
superiorauthoritiesandtothePeople’sBankofChina;and
licitingandobtainingtheconsentofthelender,aborrowershallhavethe
righttotransferthedebttoathirdparty.
Article19Obligationsofaborrower:
wershallprovidesuchtrueinformationasthelendermayrequire(withthe
exceptionofsuchinformationthatmaynotbeprovidedbylaw),providetothelender
truedetailsofallbankswithwhichheorithasopenedaccounts,allaccountnumbersand
alldepositbalances,andco-operatewiththelenderininvestigation,examinationand
inspection;
wershallbesubjecttothelender’ssupervisionofhisoritsuseofcredit
fundsandoftherelevantproduction,operationandfinancialactivities;
wershallusetheloanasagreeduponintheloancontract;
wershallpromptlypayofftheprincipaloftheloantogetherwiththe
interestthereon,asagreedintheloancontract;
wershallobtainthelender’sconsentiftheborrowerwishestoassignallor
partofthedebttoathirdparty;and
wershallnotifythelenderinatimelymannerofanydetailsthatmay
jeopardizethesecurityofthelender’sclaim,andatthesametimeshalltakemeasuresto
preservetheclaim.
Article20Restrictionsonaborrower:
14
wermaynotobtainloansfromtwoormorebranchesofthesamelenderat
thesamelevelandinthesamejurisdiction;
wermaynotprovidefalsedetailsto,orwithholdimportantdetails,from
thelenderconcerningbalancesheets,profitandlossaccounts,etc.;
whereotherwisestipulatedbytheState,aborrowermaynotusetheloanto
engageinequityinvestments;
wermaynotusetheloantoengageinspeculationinareassuchassecurities
orfutures;
wermaynotusetheloantoengageinpropertybusiness,exceptwherethe
borrers
thathaveobtainedqualificationstoengageinpropertybusinessmaynotusetheloanto
engageinpropertyspeculation;
wermaynotdivertloanfundsinordertoseekillegalprofitbyon-lending
suchloan;
wermaynotuseforeigncurrencyloansinviolationofStateadministration
offoreignexchangeprovisions;and
wermaynotusedeceptivepracticestofraudulentlyobtainaloan.
PARTFIVELENDERS
Article21LendersmustbeapprovedbythePeople’sBankofChinatoengagein
lendingbusiness,holdaFinancialInstitutionLegalPersonLicenceoraFinancial
InstitutionBusinessLicenceissuedbythePeople’sBankofChina,andbeapprovedand
registeredbytheadministrativedepartmentsfortheadministrationofindustryand
commerce.
Article22Rightsofalender:
Accordingtotheconditionsoftheloanandonthebasisoftakingtheinitiativeto
undertakeexaminationandcheckingofthelendingprocess,andtodecidetheloan,a
lenderhastherighttorefusetheorderforaloanoranordertoprovideaguaranteemade
byanyunitorindividual,exceptwheretheloanisaspecially-designatedloanapproved
bytheStateCouncil.
rhastherighttorequiretheborrowertoprovideinformationrelevanttothe
loan;
rhastherighttodecidesuchmattersaswhetherornottoprovidealoan,
theloanamount,loantermandloaninterest,onthebasisoftheconditionsofthe
borrower;
15
rhastherighttoknowtheproductionbusinessactivitiesandfinancial
activitiesoftheborrower;
derhastherighttocollecttheprincipalofandinterestontheloanby
transferringthesamefromtheborrower’saccountasagreedinthecontract;
heborrowerisunabletoperformhisoritsobligationsasstipulatedinthe
loancontract,thelenderhastherighttorequiretheborrowertoprepaytheloanortostop
payingtotheborrowerthepartoftheloanwhichheorithasnotyetused,asagreedinthe
contract;and
loanisabouttosustainalossorisalreadysustainingaloss,thelender
mayadoptmeasurestoavoidloanlosses,basedontheprovisionsinthecontract.
Article23Obligationsofalender
rshallpubliclyannounceinformationonthetypes,termsandinterestrates
ofloansthatheoritengagesin,andprovideadvicetoborrowers;
rshallpubliclydisclosetheparticularsofanapplicant’screditworthinessto
beexaminedinconnectionwiththegrantingofaloan,andtheconditionsforgrantinga
loan;
rshallconsideraborrower’sapplicationforaloanandrespondpromptlyas
nseshallbegivenwithinonemonthfor
short-termloans,andwithin6monthsformedium-andlong-termloans,exceptwhere
otherwisestipulatedbytheState;and
rshallmaintaintheconfidentialityofdetailsofthedebts,finances,
productionandbusinessofborrowers,exceptinthecasesofinquiriesmadeaccordingto
thelaw.
Article24Restrictionsonalender:
ovidingloans,relevantprovisionsofArticle39,regardingthe
managementofdebt-equityratios,andtheprovisionsofArticle40,regardingthe
prohibitionongrantingfiduciaryloanstoconnectedpartiesandtheprohibitionongranting
securedloanstoconnectedpartiesonconditionsthataremorepreferentialthanthosefor
grantingthesametypeofloantootherborrowers,ofthePRC,CommercialBanking
Law,mustbestrictlyimplemented.
sshallbegrantedtoanyborrowerthat:
(1)doesnotsatisfythequalificationsandconditionsstipulatedinArticle17ofPart
4oftheseGeneralProvisions;
(2)produces,dealsorinvestsinaproductorprojectthatisexpresslyprohibitedby
theState;
16
(3)violatesStateprovisionsontheadministrationofforeignexchange;
(4)hasnotobtainedapprovaldocumentsforaconstructionprojectthatshouldbe
reportedtorelevantdepartmentsforapprovalinaccordancewithStateprovisions;
(5)hasnotobtainedthepermissionofanenvironmentalprotectiondepartmentfora
production,businessorinvestmentproject;
(6)intheprocessofasystemchange,suchasimplementingcontracting,leasing,
jointventure,merger(mergerbytakeover),co-operation,division,assignment
ofpropertyrightsforcompensation,orrestructureofasharesystementerprise,hasnot
paidoffhisoritspre-existingloandebts,fulfilledhisoritspre-existingloandebtsor
providedappropriatesecurity;or
(7)commitsotherseriousillegalbusinessactivities.
igncurrencyloansmaybegrantedtonaturalpersonswithouttheapproval
ofthePeople’sBankofChina;
otherthaninterestthatiscalculatedandcollectedasstipulatedbythe
People’sBankofChina,maybecollectedonloansforone’sownaccountandspecially
designatedloans;nofeesotherthanhandlingfeesthatarecalculatedandcollectedas
stipulatedbythePeople’sBankofChina,maybecollectedonentrustedloans;
hallnotbeadvancedtotheentrustingparty,exceptwhereotherwise
stipulatedbytheState;and
dershallstrictlycontrolfiduciaryloansandactivelypromotesecuredloans.
PARTSIXLENDINGPROCEDURES
Article25Loanapplications:
Aborrowerinneedofaloanshallapplydirectlytothemanagementorganizationof
hisoritsbanksortheloanorganizationofanotherbank.
Aborrowershallfillina“LoanApplication”specifyingmainitemssuchastheloan
amount,purposeoftheloan,repaymentcapabilityandrepaymentmethod,andprovide
thefollowinginformation:
tailsoftheborrowerandtheguarantor;
cialreportfortheprecedingyearandafinancialreportfortheperiod
precedingtheloanapplication,ratifiedandapprovedbythefinancialauthoritiesoran
accounting(auditing)firm;
sofcorrectionstotheunreasonableuseofpre-existingloans;
17
listofmortgagedorpledgedproperty,proofofconsenttosuchmortgages
orpledgesfromthepersonshavingtherighttodisposeoftheproperty,andrelevant
documentaryproofthattheguarantorintendstoprovideaguarantee;
tproposalandfeasibilitystudyreport;and
elevantinformationthatthelendermayconsidernecessarytobeprovided.
Article26Creditratingofaborrower:
Thecreditratingofaborrowershallbeassessedaccordingtofactorssuchasthe
qualityofitsleaders,hisoritsactualfinancialstatus,hisoritsfundportfolio,hisorits
historyofhonouringagreements,hisoritsbusinessbenefitsandhisoritsdevelopment
smaybegivenindependentlyandcontrolledinternallybythelender,or
begivenbyanappraisalorganizationapprovedbytheauthorizeddepartments.
Article27Investigationofloans:
Afteralenderhasreceivedanapplicationfromaborrower,heoritshallcarryoutan
investigationintotheborrower’screditrating,aswellasthelegality,security,
profitability,oan,verifythedetailsofthemortgagedorpledgedpropertyand
guarantor,andassessthelevelofrisksinvolvedintheloan.
Article28Examinationandapprovalofloans:
Lendersshallestablishaloanadministrationsysteminwhichloanexaminationis
separatedfromloanapproval,andexaminationandapprovaliscarriedoutatdifferent
minationpersonnelshallverifyandappraisetheinformationprovidedbythe
investigationpersonnel,re-assesstheloanrisks,providesuggestions,andinaccordance
withtheirstipulatedlimitsofauthority,submitthesameforapproval.
Article29Entryintoaloancontract:
Forallloans,aloancontractshallbeenteredintobetweenthelenderandthe
ncontractshallstipulatethetype,purpose,amountoftheloan,
interestrateontheloan,thelendingterm,repaymentmethod,rightsandobligationsof
theborrowerandlender,liabilityforbreachofcontractandothermattersthatthetwo
partiesconsidernecessarytostipulate.
Foraguaranteedloan,theguarantorandthelendershallenterintoaguarantee
contract,ortheguarantorshallmakeaclearstatementintheloancontractregardingthe
guaranteeprovisionsdiscussedandunanimouslyagreeduponwiththelender,whichshall
besealedwiththeofficialsealoftheguarantorlegalperson,andcontainthesignatureand
fullnameofthelegalrepresentativeoftheguarantororofarepresentativeauthorizedby
rtgageloanorpledgeloan,themortgagororpledgorandthelendershall
enterintoamortgageorpledgecontract,andwheresuchcontractisrequiredtobe
registered,registrationshallbehandledinaccordancewiththelaw.
18
Article30Provisionofloans:
Thelendershallprovidealoanonscheduleinaccordancewiththearrangementsof
helenderfailstoprovidesuchloanonscheduleinaccordance
withthecontract,heborrower
doesnotusethefundsinaccordancewiththearrangementsoftheloancontract,heorit
shallpayapenaltyforbreachofcontract.
Article31Inspectionafterlending:
Uponprovisionofaloan,thelendershallcarryoutfollow-upinvestigationand
inspectionoftheborrower’simplementationoftheloancontractandbusinesssituation.
Article32Repaymentofaloan:
Theborrowershallrepaythefullamountoftheprincipalwiththeinterestthereonon
timeinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheloancontract.
Oneweekpriortothedateofmaturityofashort-termloan,oronemonthpriortothe
dateofmaturityofamedium-orlong-termloan,thelendershallsendanoticetothe
rowershallpromptly
arrangethefundsandrepaymenttheprincipalwiththeinterestthereonontime.
Foroverdueloans,thelendershallpromptlyissueacalling-innotice,andcomplete
calling-inworkforprincipalandinterestonoverdueloans.
Forloansthatareunabletoberepaidinaccordancewiththetermagreeduponinthe
loancontract,
repaymentcannotbemade,orrepaymentofprincipalandpaymentofinterest
arrangementscannotbefulfilled,repaymentshallbesupervisedandurged,oracivil
caseshallbeinitiatedinaccordancewiththelaw.
Wheretheborrowerwishestorepaytheloanaheadofthetermofsuchloan,heorit
shallconsultwiththelender.
PARTSEVENSUPERVISIONOFBADLOANS
Article33Lendersshallestablishandperfectasystemofsupervisingloanquality,
andclassify,register,inspectandcallinbadloans.
Article34“Badloans”shallrefertodeadloans,idleloansandoverdueloans.
“Deadloans”shallrefertoloansthatareclassifiedasbadloansinaccordancewith
relevantprovisionsoftheMinistryofFinance.
“Idleloans”shallrefertoloans(excludingdeadloans)that,inaccordancewith
relevantprovisionsoftheMinistryofFinance,areoverdue(includingthosethatfalldue
afterextensionoftheterm)byexceedingthestipulatedtimelimitandthatstillarenot
19
repaid,orthatalthoughoverdueorarenotoverduebecausetheydonotexceedthe
stipulatedtimelimitbutweregrantedforproductionorbusinessoperationsthathavebeen
suspendedorforaprojecttheconstructionofwhichhasceased.
“Overdueloans”shallrefertoloans(excludingidleloansanddeadloans)thathave
notbeenrepaidbythedateofmaturityagreeduponintheloancontract(includingthose
thatfalldueafterextensionoftheterm).
Article35Registrationofbadloans:
D
auditingdepartmentshallberesponsibleforverificationofthedataand,inlinewiththe
stipulatedlimitsofitsauthority,der
ametimeasthe
statementissubmittedtothesuperiorbank,suchstatementshallalsobesubmittedtothe
localbranchesofthePeople’sBankofChina.
Article36Inspectionofbadloans:
Thedeadloans,idleloansandoverdueloansofalendermaynotexceedthe
percentagesstipulatedbythePeople’dershallgiverelevant
instructionstoitsbranchorganizationsontherelevantquotasfordeadloans,idleloans
andoverdueloans.
Article37Callinginbadloansandwritingoffdeadloans:
Thecreditdepartmentshallberesponsibleforcallinginbadloansandtheauditing
dershall
makeallocationstoareserveforbaddebtsinaccordancewithrelevantprovisionsofthe
State,andshallwriteoffdeadloansinaccordancewiththeconditionsandproceduresfor
writingoffdeadloans.
WithouttheapprovaloftheStateCouncil,
withtheapprovaloftheStateCouncil,noworkunitorindividualmayforciblydemanda
lendertocancelaloan.
PARTEIGHTRESPONSIBILITYSYSTEMFORTHEADMINISTRATIONOF
LOANS
Article38Bankpresidents(hereafterreferringtomanagersorsupervisors)shall
beresponsiblefortheadministrationofloans.
Loansshallbesubjecttoadministrationatdifferentlevelsandbankpresidentsat
differentlevelsshallbefullyresponsibleforthegrantingandrecoveryofloanswithinthe
residentmayauthorizeadeputybankpresidentor
loanadministrationdepartmenttotakeresponsibilityforexaminingandapprovingloans.
Thedeputybankpresidentorresponsiblepersonoftheloanadministrationdepartment
shallbeaccountabletothebankpresident.
20
Article39TheorganizationsofalenderateachlevelshallestablishaLoan
ExaminationCommittee(Team)inwhichthebankpresidentordeputybankpresident
(hereafterreferringtomanagersorsupervisors)andtheresponsiblepersonsofthe
relevantdepartmentsshallparticipate,whichshallberesponsiblefortheexaminationof
loans.
Article40Establishmentofseparatesystemsfortheexaminationandapprovalof
loans:
Theloaninvestigationandappraisalpersonnelshallberesponsibleforthe
investigationandappraisalofloansandbeliableforerroneousinvestigationandappraisals.
Theloaninvestigationandappraisalpersonnelshallberesponsibleforexaminingloan
nprovisionpersonnelshallbe
responsiblefortheinspectionandfullrecoveryofloans,andshallbeliableformistakes
ininspectionandslacknessinthefullrecoveryofloans.
Article41Establishmentofasystemforexaminationandapprovalofloansat
differentlevels:
Lendersshalldeterminethelimitsoftheexaminationandapprovalauthorityoftheir
branchesateachlevelinaccordancewiththeirbusinessvolume,standardof
administrationandtheloanriskfactor,andshallreportloansbeyondtheirexamination
nchesateach
levelshalldeterminetheriskfactorofeachloaninaccordancewiththecircumstances,
suchasthetypeofloan,thecreditratingoftheborrower,themortgagedproperty,the
pledgeditemandtheguarantor.
Article42Establishmentandimprovementofasystemofpersonalresponsibilityfor
creditwork:
Theloanadministrationdepartmentsateachlevelshallassignresponsibilityfor
detailedmanagementofloanstothedepartments,positionsandindividuals,andshall
strictlydefinethedutiesofthecreditpersonnelateachlevel.
Article43Thelendershallestablishanin-housecreditpersonnelsystematfactories
forborrowersoflargesumsofmoney.
Article44Establishmentofanauditingsystemforvacatedposts:
Whenloanadministrationpersonnelvacatetheiroriginalposts,anauditshallbe
conductedconcerningtheloanrisksituationofallloansgrantedduringsuchtenureof
officeandwithinthelimitsofauthorityofsuchpersonnel.
PARTNINEADMINISTRATIONOFTHEPRESERVATIONOFLOANS
CLAIMSANDTHEREPAYMENTOFLOANOBLIGATIONS
Article45Aborrowermaynotviolatetheprovisionsofthelawanduseamerger,
bankruptcyorrestructuringofasharesystementerprisetochannelandevadebankclaims
21
rmaynotusecontractingorleasingarrangements
tochannelandevadethelender’screditsupervisionortheobligationtorepaythe
principalandinterestthereonofaloan.
Article46Thelenderhastherighttoparticipateinthedebtrestructuringofa
borrowerintheprocessofamerger,bankruptcyorrestructuringofasharesystem
enterprise,andshallrequiretheborrowertofulfilrepaymentofloanprincipalandinterest
matters.
Article47Alendershallrequireaborrowerthatistocontractorleaseouthisorits
businesstospecifyfulfilmentofrepaymentliabilityfortheoriginalloanobligationinthe
contractingorleasingcontract.
Article48Alendershallrequireaborrowerthatistoundergoasharesystem
restructuringtoestablishanewloancontracttospecifytherepaymentliabilityforthe
originalloanobligation.
Thelendershallrequirethat,thecompanythatresultsfromaborrowerwhois
undergoingacompletesharesystemrestructuring,oncerestructured,becomesfully
rrowerundergoingpartialsharesystem
restructuring,thelendershallrequirethesharestructurecompanythatresultsfromthe
restructuringtobearliabilityfortheoriginalloanbasedontheproportionofthecapital
fundsorassetsoftheborrowerthatsuchenterpriseholds.
Article49Alendershallrequireaborrowerthatistoengageinajointoperationthat
resultsintheformationofanewenterpriselegalperson,totransferfulfilmentoftheloan
obligationtothenewenterpriselegalpersoninproportiontothecapitalfundsorassetsof
theborrowertobeheldbysuchenterprise.
Article50Alendershallrequireaborrowerthatistobemerged(mergedby
takeover)torepaytheloanobligationorprovidecorrespondingsecuritybeforemerger
(mergerbytakeover)。
Ifaborrowerdoesnotrepaytheloanobligationorprovidecorrespondingsecurity,
thelendershallrequiretheenterprisemerging(mergingbytakeover)orthenew
enterprisearisingfromamergertobearresponsibilityforrepaymentoftheloanowedby
theoriginalborrower,andshallestablisharelevantnewcontractoragreement.
Article51Alendershallrequireaborrowerthatistosetupanequity
(co-operative)jointventurewithaforeignpartnertocontinuetobeliableforrepaying
theloanobligationstakenoutpriortotheestablishmentofsuchequity(co-operative)
jointventure,andshallrequireallproceedsobtainedtobeappliedfirsttotherepayment
werthatwishestousepropertyalreadymortgagedorpledgedforaloan
tosetupanequity(co-operative)jointventurewithaforeignpartnermustseekthe
consentofthelender.
22
Article52Alendershallrequireaborrowerthatistoundergodemergertorepaythe
loanobligationorprovidecorrespondingsecuritybeforedemerger.
Whereaborrowerdoesnotrepaytheloanobligationorprovidecorresponding
security,thelendershallrequireeachenterpriseresultingfromthedemergertobeliable
forrepaymentoftheloanowedbytheoriginalborrowerinproportiontothecapitalor
assetsheldatthetimeofdemerger,borrowerestablishesa
subsidiary,thelendershallrequiresuchsubsidiarytobearandrepaythecorresponding
loanobligationoftheparentcompanyinproportiontothecapitalorassetsreceived.
Article53Alendershallrequireaborrowerthatistoassignpropertyrightsfor
compensationorapplyfordissolutiontofulfilrepaymentofloanobligationspriorto
assignmentofpropertyrightsforcompensationordissolution.
Article54Alendershallparticipate,inaccordancewithrelevantlaws,inthe
determinationofabankruptborrower’spropertyandthedisposalofhisoritsclaimsand
nclaimswhichabankruptborrowerhasalreadysecuredwitha
mortgageorpledgeofpropertyorotherwise,thelendershallenjoyreceiptofrepayment
onaprioritybasis,entofloanclaimsnotsecuredby
propertyshallbeobtainedinaccordancewiththestatutoryproceduresandratios.
PARTTENSPECIALPROVISIONSFORTHEADMINISTRATIONOFLOANS
Article55Establishmentofloanorganizerssystems:
Aborrowershallestablishaloanorganizerrelationshipwiththelenderwithwhichhe
orithasopenedhisoritsbasicaccount,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthePeople’s
BankofChina.
Whereaborroweristoundergoamajoreconomicactivityinvolvingtheusageor
securityofcreditfunds,suchasenterprisedemerger,restructuringofasharesystem
enterpriseorconstructionofamajorproject,suchborrowershallseektheopinionofhis
rowermayonlyhaveoneloanorganizer,andthe
loanorganizershallmakealterationsaccordingtoalterationsmadeinaborrower’sbasic
account.
Aloanorganizershallnotguaranteecapital,butshallprovideloanstoaborrowerin
aplannedmannerinaccordancewithregulations,andprovidenecessaryfinancialservices
suchasinformation,adviceandagencytotheborrower.
Loanorganizersystemsandimplementingproceduresshallbestipulatedelsewhereby
thePeople’sBankofChina.
Article56Forsyndicatedloans,onelendershallbedesignatedastheleadbank,
andasyndicatedloanagreementspecifyingtherightsandobligationsofeachlendershall
bersofthebanksyndicateshalljointlyassessandexaminethe
dbankshallsupervisetherepaymentoftheloanaccordingtothe
23
strationproceduresforsyndicatedloansshallbeseparately
stipulatedbythePeople’sBankofChina.
Article57Managementofspeciallydesignatedloans:
WhollyState-ownedcommercialbanksshallgrantandmanagespeciallydesignated
loansinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheStateCouncil.
Administrationproceduresforspeciallydesignatedloansshallbeseparately
stipulated.
Article58Thetype,subjectandscopeofloansbynon-bankingfinancial
institutionsshallcomplywiththeprovisionsofthePeople’sBankofChina.
Article59Ifalendergrantsaloantoanotherlocality,oracceptsdepositsfrom
anotherlocality,itshallreportsuchmattertothelocalbranchofthePeople’sBankof
Chinafortherecord.
Article60Creditfundsmaynotbeusedforfinancialexpenditures.
Article61Noadministrativeauthorities,unitsofenterprisesorinstitutionsatany
level,economicco-operativeorganizationssuchassupplyandsalesco-operatives,rural
co-operativefoundationsorotherfoundationsmayengageinfinancialbusiness,suchas
ncingbusinessinvolvinglendingorborrowing,or
lendingandborrowinginadisguisedform,maybehandledbetweenenterprisesin
violationofStateprovisions.
PARTELEVENPENALTIES
Article62Wherealendergrantsaloaninviolationoftheprovisionsregardingthe
administrationofdebt-equityratios,thePeople’sBankofChinashallorderrectification
andimposeafine,inaccordancewithArticle75ofthePRC,CommercialBankingLaw.
Wherethereisillegalincome,suchillegalincomeshallbeconfiscated,anddisciplinary
sanctionsshallbeimposedonthedirectlyresponsiblepersonnelinchargeandother
directlyresponsiblepersonnel,inaccordancewithArticle76ofthePRC,Commercial
BankingLaw.
Article63Wherealendergrantsfiduciaryloanstoconnectedpartiesorgrants
securedloanstoconnectedpartiesonconditionsthataremorepreferentialthatthosefor
grantingthesametypeofloantootherborrowersinviolationofprovisions,disciplinary
sanctionsshallbeimposedinaccordancewithArticle74ofthePRC,Commercial
BankingLaw,anddisciplinarysanctionsshallbeimposedonrelevantdirectlyresponsible
personnelinaccordancewithArticle76ofthePRC,CommercialBankingLaw.
Article64Wherethepersonnelofalenderfailstorefuseforcibledemandsbya
workunitorindividualtograntaloanorprovideaguaranteeorsecurity,disciplinary
penaltiesshallbeimposedinaccordancewithArticle85ofthePRC,Commercial
24
BankingLaw,andwherelossesarecaused,suchpersonnelshallbearcorresponding
liabilityforcompensation.
Article65Whererelevantresponsiblepersonnelofalenderviolaterelevant
regulationsoftheseGeneralProvisions,disciplinarypenaltiesandfinesshallbeimposed.
Inseriouscasesorinthecaseofrepeatoffences,suchpersonnelshallbedismissedfrom
theirposts,erious
economiclossesarecausedorwherethematterconstitutesanothereconomiccrime,
criminalliabilityshallbepursuedinaccordancewithrelevantlawsandregulations.
Article66Whereanyofthefollowingcircumstancesarisewithregardtoalender,
thePeople’sBankofChinashallorderrectification,andwhererectificationisnotmade
withinthespecifiedtime,thePeople’sBankofChinamayimposeafineofbetweenRmb
5,000andRmb10,000:
etopubliclyannouncethetype,termandinterestrateofaloanhandledby
thelender;
etopubliclydisclosetheconditionsforgrantingaloanortheparticulars
requiredtobeexaminedwhenaloanisgranted;or
etoreplytoaborrower’sloanapplicationwithinthespecifiedtime.
Article67Whereanyofthefollowingcircumstancesarisewithregardtoalender,
thePeople’hereisillegalincome,such
illegalincomeshallbeconfiscatedandafineofbetweenonetimeandthreetimesthe
hereisnoillegalincome,afineof
betweenRmb50,000andRmb300,hematterconstitutesa
crime,criminalliabilityshallbepursuedinaccordancewiththelaw:
radvancesfundsforanentrustedloaninviolationofprovisions;
rgrantsaforeigncurrencyloantoanaturalpersonwithouttheapprovalof
thePeople’sBankofChina;or
r,inviolationoftheprovisionsofthePeople’sBankofChina,collects
anyadditionalfeesotherthantheinteresttobecalculatedandcollectedforaloanonone’s
ownaccountorforaspeciallydesignatedloan,orcollectsanyadditionalfeesotherthan
thehandlingfeestobecalculatedandcollectedforanentrustedloan.
Article68Whereanyworkunitorindividualforciblydemandsabanktogranta
loanorprovideaguaranteeorsecurity,thedirectlyresponsiblepersonnelincharge,or
otherdirectlyresponsiblepersonnelorindividualshallbesubjecttodisciplinarysanctions
inaccordancewithArticle85ofthePRC,conomic
lossesarecaused,suchpersonnelshallbearallorpartofthecompensationliability.
Article69Whereaborrowerusesdeceptivepracticestofraudulentlyobtainaloan,
andthematterconstitutesacrime,afineshallbeimposedandcriminalliabilityshallbe
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pursuedinaccordancewithlawsandregulationsandwithArticle80ofthePRC,
CommercialBankingLaw.
Article70WhereaborrowerviolatestheprovisionsofArticle45inPart9ofthese
GeneralProvisionsanddeliberatelyusessuchmethodsasamergerbytakeover,
bankruptcyorrestructuringofasharesystementerprisetomisappropriatecreditfunds,
suchborrowershallbearcorrespondingliabilityforcompensationandshallbesubjecttoa
ajoreconomiclossesare
causedtothelender,criminalliabilityshallbepursuedagainstthedirectlyresponsible
personnelinaccordancewithrelevantlawsandregulations.
WhereaborrowerviolatesothertheprovisionsofotherarticlesofPart9ofthese
GeneralProvisionsandcausesfailureofpaymentofaloanobligation,thelendershall
ceasetoprovidenewloanfundsandrecoverloanfundsthathavealreadybeenprovided
ossesarecausedtothecreditloanassets,theborrowerandits
personnel-in-chargeorotherindividualsshallbearallorpartoftheliabilityfor
suchliabilityforcompensationisfulfilled,nootherlendersmay
grantaloantosuchborrower.
Article71Whereanyofthefollowingcircumstancesariseregardingaborrower,a
he
circumstancesareparticularlyserious,thelendershallstoppaymenttotheborrowerof
thepartoftheloanwhichheorithasnotyetused,andrecoverallorpartoftheloan
aheadoftheterm:
werfailstousetheloaninaccordancewiththepurposespecifiedintheloan
contract;
werusestheloantoconductequityinvestments;
werusestheloantoengageinspeculationinareassuchassecuritiesor
futures;
werthathasnotlawfullyobtainedqualificationstoengageinproperty
businessusestheloantoengageinpropertybusiness;oraborrowerthathaslawfully
obtainedqualificationstoengageinpropertybusinessusestheloantoengageinproperty
speculation;
werdoesnotrepaytheloanprincipalwithinterestthereoninaccordance
withtheprovisionsoftheloancontract;or
werdivertsloanfundsinordertoseekillegalprofitbyon-lending.
Article72Whereanyofthefollowingcircumstancesariseregardingaborrower,
hecircumstancesareparticularlyseriousor
rectificationisnotmadewithinaspecifiedtimelimit,thelendershallstoppaymenttothe
borrowerofthepartoftheloanwhichheorithasnotyetused,andrecoverallorpartof
theloanaheadoftheterm:
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werprovidesthelenderwithfalseinformationorwithholdsmajor
informationsuchasbalancesheets,profitandlossaccounts,etc.;
werfailstoprovidetrueinformationtothelenderconcerningthebankswith
whichheorithasopenedaccounts,theaccountnumbers,depositbalances,etc.;and
werrefusestobesubjecttothelender’ssupervisionofhisoritsuseofthe
creditfundsandofrelevantproduction,operationandfinancialactivities.
Article73Whereadministrativeauthorities,unitsofenterprisesorinstitutions,
sharesystemco-operativeeconomicorganizations,supplyandsalesco-operatives,rural
co-operativefoundationsorotherfoundationsgrantloanswithoutauthorization,orwhere
enterprisesengageinlendingandborrowingorlendingandborrowinginadisguisedform
betweenthemselveswithoutauthorization,thePeople’sBankofChinashallimposeafine
onthelenderofbetweenonetimeandfivetimestheincomegainedinviolationof
provisions,andthePeople’sBankofChinashallsuppresstheactivity.
Article74WhereapartyisdissatisfiedwithapenaltydecisionofthePeople’sBank
ofChina,heoritmayapplyforareviewinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe
People’sBankofChina,AdministrativeReviewProcedures(TrialImplementation)。
Duringthereviewperiod,theoriginalpenaltyshallcontinuetobeimplemented.
PARTTWELVESUPPLEMENTARY
Article75LoanadministrationproceduresforStatepolicybanks,foreign
investmentfinancialinstitutions(includingwhollyforeign-ownedfinancialinstitutions,
Sino-foreignequityjointventurefinancialinstitutionsandbranchesofforeigninvestment
financialinstitutions)shallbeseparatelystipulatedbythePeople’sBankofChina.
Article76Administrationproceduresregardingexteriorsecurityforforeign
governmentloans,exportcredit,subsidizedinterestloansbyforeignbusinessesorexport
creditprojects,orinternationalcommercialloansconnectedwiththeaboveloansshallbe
separatelystipulatedbythePeople’sBankofChina.
Article77Lendersmayformulateimplementingrulesinaccordancewiththese
GeneralProvisionsandreportthesametothePeople’sBankofChinafortherecord.
Article78FromthedateonwhichtheseGeneralProvisionsareimplemented,in
caseofconflictbetweentheseGeneralProvisionsandanyrulesandregulationspreviously
formulatedbythePeople’sBankofChinaandlenders,theseGeneralProvisionsshall
prevail.
Article79ThePeople’sBankofChinashallberesponsiblefortheinterpretationof
theseGeneralProvisions.
Article80TheseGeneralProvisionsshallbeeffectiveasof1August1996.
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