the end of August
2023年1月29日发(作者:落花生课文资料)
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2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧
专题(四)定语从句+写作同类词合集
在写作中运用定语从句不仅可以显示考生较好的语言运用能力,更能为写作增添色彩。所以考生一
定要在平时练习时学会在书信应用文、概写和续写中尝试写定语从句,让作文整体显得漂亮和流畅。
一.用于书面表达中定语从句的类型
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
who,whom,whose,which,that,as等关系代词引导的定语从句在高考书面表达中屡见不
鲜。尤其以as和which引导的非限制性定语从句更是司空见惯。
①.I’mqualifiedwitheveryextraworkthatyouwantmetodo.(2019全国一卷书面表达)
②.Lastweek,wetooktheforeignstudentsinourschooltoexperiencetheauthenticteaculture,
whichturnedouttobeextremelyrewarding.(2018北京高考书面表达)
③.Asisknown,Iwillbeavolunteerforthe13thNationalGameswhichwillbeheldattheendof
AugustinTianjin.(2017年天津高考书面表达)
④.Anystudentwhoisinterestediswelcometoparticipate.(2016全国卷书面表达)
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
when,where,why关系副词引导的定语从句也可以在高考书面表达中找到很多例子。在写这
种类型的定语从句时,一定要注意关系词前面一些特殊的先行词,如:period,age,occasion,
situation,case,point,reason等。
①.WearetomeetonSundaymorninginthePeople’sPark,wheretheairisfreshandthesceneryis
beautiful.(2017全国一卷书面表达)
②.Theyfoundthedangeroussituation,wherethreemencircledthewolf.(2017浙江高考书面表
达)
③.Ithinkthereasonwhyyou’realwaysangrymaybethehighpressureofstudy.(2014安徽高考书
面表达)
3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
Materialcollectingtookusawholeweek,duringwhichweinterviewedourteachersandtook
picturesofeveryaspectofourschoollife.
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二.定语从句的写法
定语从句对于考生来说相对较难灵活运用,所以一定要在平时的写作训练中多加练习。在写作
中,可以采取以下的步骤训练。
1.写出两个相关联的简单句;
2.在其中一处简单句中找出需要修饰的词,这个词一定要在两个简单句中都有联系;
3.把剩下的一个简单句改成定语从句,根据关系词的不同选择而对句子进行修改。若是关
系代词,就要去掉这个简单句中的主语或者宾语。若是关系副词,则要删掉状语。
例一:Theforeignergotarrestedbythepolice.
Hepickedawoman’spocketonthebus.
先确定两个简单句中需要修饰的共同成分,即theforeigner。确定第一句为主句后,剩下的第
二句要改写成定语从句。由于是代词做主语,所以考虑用关系代词who或者that引导定语从
句,并删去第二句的主语he。
Theforeignerwho/thatpickedawoman’spocketonthebusgotarrestedbythepolice.
例二:Afiresuddenlybrokeoutinthetheater.
Withoutdelay,Tomranawayfromthetheater.
先确定两个简单句中需要修饰的共同成分,即thetheater。确定第二句作主句后,剩下的第二
句为定语从句。由于inthetheater是地点状语,所以考虑用关系副词where引导定语从句,并
删去第一句的状语inthetheater。
Withoutdelay,Tomranawayfromthetheaterwhereafiresuddenlybrokeout.
由于灵活运用定语从句对于考生来说有一定的难度,所以考生在书面表达中运用定语从句时会常犯一
些错误,比如误用关系词,句子成分多余或残缺,把定语从句和其它从句混淆。这些都是考生需要注意的。
后面的改错练习会涉及到一些定语从句写作中常见的错误。
提升训练
一.请把下列的定语从句改正确。
nBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.
friend,who’snameisLiuMei.
eremanystudentstookpartintheEnglishcompetition.
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toneleavestheclassroomissupposedtoturnofflights.
eseenfromthepicture,thatasadboystandsbetweenhisangryparents.
ek,IreturnedtothevillagewhereIgrewupthereinmychildhood.
sknown,smokingisabadhabitthatthreatenspeople’shealth.
entstoldhimmanytimesnottoplaybesidetheriver,itdidn’thelp.
’rethreemembersinmyfamilyandI’mtheonlyonechild,whoisverycommoninChina.
avellingoverseas,youshouldfollowthecustomsofthecountrywhereyouarevisiting.
everforgetthedayonthatwewenttobuyguitarsinthestore.
hirdfloortherearetworooms,oneofthemisusedasameetingroom.
plewillflytoFrancefortheirhoneymoonontheirfirststop,whichtheyplantostayfor
threedays.
hatboysuchadifficultmathproblemwhichhecouldn’tworkout.
holidayseasons,Iwillliveinthecountryside,whenairisfreshandpeoplearefriendly.
题目一
【答案】
nBeijing,whichisthecapitalofChina.
friend,whosenameisLiuMei.
eremanystudentswhotookpartintheEnglishcompetition.
tonewholeavestheclassroomissupposedtoturnofflights.
eseenfromthepicture,(去掉that)asadboystandsbetweenhisangryparents.
ek,IreturnedtothevillagewhereIgrewup(去掉there)inmychildhood.
own,smokingisabadhabitthatthreatenspeople’shealth.
entstoldhimmanytimesnottoplaybesidetheriver,which/butitdidn’thelp.
’rethreemembersinmyfamilyandI’mtheonlyonechild,whichisverycommonin
China.
avellingoverseas,youshouldfollowthecustomsofthecountrywhich/thatyouare
visiting.
everforgetthedayonwhichwewenttobuyguitarsinthestore.
hirdfloortherearetworooms,oneofwhichisusedasameetingroom.
plewillflytoFrancefortheirhoneymoonontheirfirststop,wheretheyplantostayfor
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threedays.
hatboysuchadifficultmathproblemashecouldn’tworkout.
holidayseasons,Iwillliveinthecountryside,whereairisfreshandpeoplearefriendly.
二.用适当的关系词填空。
hisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof___________usesitdifferently.
enceteacherwillserveasourguide,____________isexpectedtotellussomething
interestingabouttheTiantaiShan.
ose____________sparenoefforttoconfrontproblemscanachievewhattheylongfor.
’llputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,____________theweathermaybebetter.
’llspendsomefuntimetogethersinging,dancingandplayinggames,_____________Ihope
willmakethemeveryhappy.
题目二
【答案】
三.将下列的简单句合并成定语从句。
eusedagainstpollution.
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.I’eabletobeindependentthen.
_______________________________________________________________________________
’reagreatnumberofplacesofinterestinSichuan.
_______________________________________________________________________________
herworksasanengineer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
hthecourseofmyschooling,heminfluencedme
greatly.
_______________________________________________________________________________
题目三
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【答案】thebestmethodthatcanbeusedagainstpollution.
2.I’vealwayslongedforthedayswhenIwillbeabletobeindependent.
oonatriptoSichuan,wherethere’reagreatnumberofplacesofinterest.
oodtermswithafriend,whosefatherworksasanengineer.
hthecourseofmyschooling,Iencounteredmanyteachers,twoofwhominfluenced
megreatly.
四.用定语从句完成下列句子。
1.我们将在学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.我无法遵守承诺是因为我叔叔马上要出国深造了。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.一年中有四季,每个季节都有显著的特点。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.作为一名外向的学生,我善于同其他人交往,这使我对这个职位感到自信。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
5.我们都知道,当我们需要帮助时,我们的朋友会伸出援手,他们会帮我们渡过遇到各种问题
的难关。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
题目四
【答案】’regoingtolearnsomeChinesepoemswhich/thatwerewrittenintheTangDynasty.
sonwhyIcan’tkeepmywordisthatmyunclewillgoabroadforfurtherstudiessoon.
refourseasonsinayear,eachofwhichhasdistinctivefeatures.
tgoingstudent,Iamskilledatcommunicatingwithothers,whichmakesmefeelconfident
aboutthisposition.
lknow,ourfriendswilllendusahelpinghandwhenweneedhelpandtheywillhelpusget
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throughdifficultsituationswherewewillbefacedvarietiesofproblems.
写作同义词总结
由于在有限的词汇量和紧张的时间里,许多考生写的作文常常平淡无味,缺乏文采和感染力。因此,
考生平时练习书面表达的时候,要多注意并多积累一些同义词的表达和替换,并把它们加以应用。这样写
的作文,不管是书信应用文,概写或者续写,才会大放异彩,夺得高分。以下两个部分是关于一些动词、
名词、形容词和副词短语等词的同义词集合,仅供参考。
一.笼统词转变为具体词。
:amazing令人大为惊奇的;pleasant令人愉快的,宜人的;fantastic/fabulous极好的;outstanding
出色的;terrific极好的,绝妙的;excellent优秀的;
:awful糟糕的,可怕的;terrible糟糕的,可怕的;unpleasant令人不快的;disgusting令人恶
心的
:cheerful兴高采烈的;delighted快乐的;pleased高兴;amused逗乐的;content满意的
:depressed沮丧的;gloomy悲观的;upset不高兴的;frustrated懊恼的;disappointed失望的
:appealing有吸引力的;lovely美丽的;attractive吸引人的;charming有魅力的;elegant优
雅的;adorable可爱的
:large大的;huge巨大的;giant巨大的;enormous庞大的;immense巨大的
:speak说,演讲;chat聊天;comment评论;reply回复;remark说起,评论;review评论,
复习;declare宣布;state陈述;exclaim惊叫;shout大声喊;whisper低声说;announce宣布,通知;respond
答复,回应;boast自夸;explain解释,说明;clarify澄清;claim声称;criticize批评,评论;interpret口
译,解释
:admire欣赏,仰慕;approve同意,赞成;treasure珍视;fancy爱慕;appreciate欣赏,感
谢;cherish珍爱;desire渴望;enjoy喜爱,欣赏,享受;beaddictedto对……上瘾;becrazyabout对……
着迷;befondof喜欢……;bekeenon喜爱……;haveafancyfor喜欢……;takepleasurein以……为
乐
:speed快速前行;hurry匆忙;jog慢跑;rush冲向;race快速移动;dash猛冲,急驰;flee
(过去式为fled)逃跑
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:gaze/stareat凝视;examine(仔细地)检查;glanceat瞥一眼;view观看;observe观察;
watch注视,看守;inspect视察;notice注意到;spot发现;glareat怒视;recognize认出;makeout看
清;catchsightof看见;catchaglimpseof瞥见
:interview访问;question问,审问
:hear听到;pickup接收(信号、声音、图像等);overhear偶然听到
:lookforwardto期望;longfor渴望;bedyingfor渴望;beeagertodosth./forsth.想要……;
渴望;beanxioustodosth./forsth.想要,渴望
:cry呼喊;scream尖叫;moan呻吟;sigh叹息;quarrel争吵
:climb爬行;jump跳跃;skip蹦蹦跳跳地走;slip溜走;enter进入;move移动,搬迁;drive
驾驶;ride骑;fly快速移动;crawl匍匐前进
:occupy占有;hold拥有,持有(见解等);own拥有(强调所有权);possess具有(某种
品质、才能、特点或性能等);keep保有;enjoy享有;beblessedwith享有
:possession个人财产,私人物品;wealth钱财;belongings财产,财物;fortune巨款;treasure
珠宝,金银财宝
二.其它常见写作词汇的多种表达。
1.“优缺点”:advantage优势,有利条件;disadvantage劣势,不利条件;strength优势,优点,体
力;shortcoming缺点;drawback缺点
2.“专心于;集中注意力”:beabsorbedin专心于;beaddictedto沉迷于;beburiedin埋头于;be
devotedto致力于;beengagedin专心于;beinvolvedin专注于;belostin陷入,专心致志于;beoccupied
in忙于;concentrateon专心于;fixone'smind/attentionon集中注意力于;focuson集中注意力于;pay
attentionto注意;putone’sheartinto集中注意力于
3.“反复”:overandoveragain反复,多次;overandover反复,再三;timeandtimeagain一再;
timeandagain一再,屡次;againandagain反复,再三地
4.“立刻;马上”:atonce;rightaway/now;innotime;instantly;immediately;inaflash
5.“人物性格特点”:active积极的,活跃的;confident有信心的;creative/innovative富有创造力
的;cruel残忍的;devoted/dedicated有献身精神的;energetic/lively有活力的;enthusiastic/passionate充满
热情的;generous慷慨的;mean吝啬的;selfish自私的;selfless无私的;warmhearted热心肠的;
indifferent/stony冷漠的
6.“适应”:adapt(oneself)to/adjust(oneself)to适应;agreewith适宜;与……一致;fitin相适应;
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相融合;getalong/onwellwith…和……相处很好
7.“照看/照顾某人”:attendto/on/uponsb;careforsb.;lookaftersb.;showconsiderationforsb.;take
careofsb.
8.“与……有关”:beconcernedwith;beinvolvedin;berelatedto;berelevantto;havesomethingtodo
with;beconnectedwith
9.“除……以外”:apartfrom除……外(还有/没有);aswellas除……之外还有;asidefrom除……
外(还有/没有);besides除……外(还有);exceptfor除了(不好的部分);inadditionto此外;inaddition此外
(单独使用);withanexceptionto除……外没有
10.“出现与消失”:appearvi.出现;dieout灭亡;逐渐消失;disappearvi.消失;失踪;showup/turn
up出现;comeintobeing形成;extinctadj.灭绝的
11.“相信”与“不相信”:beliefn.信任,信心,信仰;convincevt.使确信;faithn.信任,信仰;
reliable/trustworthy/dependableadj.可靠的;unbelievable/incredibleadj.难以置信的;trustingadj.轻信的
12.“同意与反对”:agreevi.同意;approvevt.&vi.批准,赞成;disagreevi.不同意;objectvi.反对;
opposevt.反对,反抗;rejectvt.抛弃,拒绝;supportn.&vt.支持,拥护;advocatevt.主张,支持;dismissvt.
不予考虑;turndown拒绝
13.“犯罪”:控告;控告;commitvt.犯(罪);crimen.罪行;guiltn.罪
行;punishvt.惩罚;sentencen.&vt.判决;suspectv.怀疑;猜想n.犯罪嫌疑人;trialn.审讯;questionvt.
审问
14.“小心;当心”:becareful小心;lookout当心;takecare小心;look/watchout(for)当心;bemindful
of留心;mindvt.当心,注意
15.“因此,因为”:asaresult/consequence结果,因此;consequentlyadv.所以;soadv.&conj.因此;
所以;thereforeadv.因此;所以;thusadv.因此;于是;becauseof/dueto/owingto/asaresultof/onaccount
of因为
16.“导致”:accountfor解释,导致;bringabout导致;contributeto促成;leadto造成;resultin导
致;giveriseto导致;
17.“被困”:betrappedin/bestuckin/becaughtin被困在……
18.“方法”:theapproachtodoingsth./thewaytodo/ofdoingsth./themeansofdoingsth./themethodof
doingsth.做某事的方法;inthisway/bythismeans/withthismethod用这种方法
19.“主要的,首要的,重要的”:chiefadj.首要的;mainadj.主要的;majoradj.主要的,重要的;
primaryadj.主要的,首要的;principaladj.主要的,首要的;fundamentaladj.根本的;significantadj.重
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要的;essential/necessaryadj.必要的
20.“通常;总之”:ingeneral/asarule/generally(speaking)/onaverage通常,一般而言;inaword/all
inall/inconclusion/inshort/inbrief/onthewhole/tosumup/inanutshell/toconclude总之
21.“偶尔;有时”:nowandthen/onoccasion/fromtimetotime/attimes/onceinawhile偶尔,有时;
occasionallyadv.偶尔
22.“观点;态度”:positive/approving/favorable/supportive/optimistic/enthusiastic积极的;
negative/disapproving/pessimistic消极的;subjective主观的;objective/neutral中立的;
doubtful/suspicious/skeptical怀疑的;critical批评的
23.“不管;不顾”:regardlessof不管,不顾;despiteprep.尽管,不管;inspiteof尽管,不管
当然,这些总结的同义词对于书面表达中词汇的运用还可能稍嫌不够,所以考生在平时学习的时候,可
以多查阅词典做更多的补充和总结,以便丰富自己的写作词库做到有的放矢。