人教版八年级英语上册Unit4知识点精讲
2023年9月14日发(作者:琵琶行原文和译文)
张雪峰谈南京财经大学-
人教版八年级英语上册Unit4知识点精讲
Unit4 What’s the best movie theater?
一、词汇运用
table seats 舒适的座位
screens 大屏幕
to home 离家近
shortest waiting time 等待时间最短
town 在城里
e to ... 欢迎来到……
far 到目前为止;迄今为止
the world 全世界
for 寻
so on 等等
... in common 有相同特征;(想法、兴趣等方面)相同
kinds of 各种类型的;各种各样的
up to 是……的职责;由……决定
up 编造(故事、谎言等);组成,构成;补充,补足;化妆
example 例如
... seriously 认真对待……
one’s dream come true 实现某人的愿望或梦想
18.a big plate of dumplings 一大盘饺子
walks 散步
for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事而感谢
good at (doing) sth. 擅长于(做)某事
sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事
a role in (doing) sth.在……中扮演角;在(做)某事中发挥作用;对(做)某事有影响
problem 不用谢;不客气;没问题 二、词汇精讲
table seats
(1) comfortable是形容词,意为“舒适的,安逸的”。其名词和动词形式为comfort,意为“使舒适,安慰”,其副词形式为comfortably意为“舒适地;安逸地”,反义词为uncomfortable“不舒适的,不安逸的”。变比较级和最高级时要分别在前面加more和most。例如:
I don’t feel comfortable in the same room with her. 和她在一个房间里我感觉不舒服。
I feel more comfortable in this hotel. 我感觉在这家旅店更舒服。
(2) seat作名词,意为“座位”,作动词时是及物动词,意为“坐下,使就座”。例如:
Are there enough seats for everyone? 座位够吗?
I seated myself at my desk. 我在书桌旁坐下。
【拓展】sit和seat的辨析:
二者均可表示“坐”,sit是不及物动词,主语是人;seat是及物动词,主语是人时,表示“使……坐下”,宾语常是反身代词;主语是处所时,表示“能坐多少人”。例如:
She sits alone in her room. 她独自坐在房间里。
Our classroom can seat fifty students. 我们教室能坐50个学生。
2. close to
close to意为“靠近,接近”,相当于next to。例如:
Jim’s house is close to his school. Jim的家离学校很近。
I live close to the supermarket. 我住得离超市很近。
【拓展】
(1) close可作动词,意为“关上,闭上”。其形容词形式为closed,意为“关着的”。例如:
Please close the door, and keep the door closed. 请关上门并让门关着。 (2) close还可作形容词,意为“亲密的”。例如:
close friends 密友 a close game势均力敌的比赛
3. choose
choose是动词,意为“选择,挑选”。后面可直接接宾语也可以跟to do不定式或者介宾结构。例如:
They knew that discrimination was going on, but chose to
ignore it.
他们当时知道歧视现象仍然存在,但是宁愿装聋作哑。
There is very little to choose between the world's top tennis
players.
世界顶级网球运动员之间往往难分伯仲。
They will be able to choose their own leaders in democratic
elections.
他们将能够通过民主选举选择自己的领导人。
4. look for
look for意为“寻”,是有目的地,强调的动作。例如:
Jim is looking for his little dog. Jim正在他的狗。
【拓展】
find out意为“查明白、弄清楚”,多用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况,查出的东西往往是抽象的,如时间、事实、真相等。例如:
Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查一下会议什么时候开始。
find意为“到、发现”,指偶然发现或经过一番寻,到值得或所需的东西,强调的结果。例如:
I found the book I was looking for. 我到了一直在的书。
discover意为“发现”,指有意或无意地发现已经存在尚不为人知的事物。例如:
China has discovered oil under the South China Sea. 中国在南海发现了石油。 invent意为“发明”,指经过研究、设计而创造出原本未有的东西。例如:
Cai Lun invented the paper. 蔡伦发明了纸。
5. act
act作动词,意为“行动,举止,表现”。例如:
He acted as if he hadn’t heard any of it.
他表现得好像对此毫不知情。
He acted as the ship’s surgeon(外科医生) in the ship.
他在船上为水手们充当外科医生。
6. play a role in
play a role in…意为“在……中起作用”或“在……中扮演角”。in为介词,后面可接名词,代词或V-ing形式。其中play a role 是固定的,也可说成play a part,后面如果接一个范围那就加介词in。例如:
We can play an important role in your overseas trade.
我们能在你方海外贸易中起重要作用。
He plays an important part in protecting the animals.
他在保护动物方面起到了重要作用。
7. make up
动词词组,意为“编造,组成,弥补,化妆”等。例如:
I'm not making it up. The character exists in real life.
我没有凭空捏造,这种人现实生活中确实存在。
Insects are made up of tens of thousands of proteins.
昆虫由数万种蛋白质构成。
They'll have to make up time lost during the strike.
他们不得不加班弥补罢工耽误的时间。
She spent too much time making herself up.
她在化妆上花去了太多时间。
8. or
(1) or作为并列连词,用于否定句中,意为“和”。例如:
I don’t like apples or pears. 我不喜欢苹果和梨。 There is no water or air on the moon. 月球上没有水和空气。
(2) or作为连词,可以用于选择疑问句,连接两个并列成分。并列成分如果是三个或三个以上时,则前面用逗号隔开,or连接最后两个。此时or意为“或者,还是”。例如:
Is the shirt yours or hers? 这件衬衣是你的还是她的?
Is your mother a teacher, a doctor or a worker? 你母亲是教师、医生还是工人?
(3) or除作“和,或者”讲,还有“否则,要不然”的意思。例如:
Hurry up! Or you will be late. 快点!否则你会迟到的。
Study hard, or you won’t pass the exam. 努力学习,否则你通不过考试。
三、句式精讲
1. Thanks for…
thanks for…意为“为……而感谢”。thanks作名词,for为介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。例如:
Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。
【拓展】thanks for与thanks to的辨析:
thanks for意为“因……而感谢”,for后接感谢的原因;thanks
to意为“幸亏……;多亏……;由于……”,to后接某人或某物,不表达感谢的含义,而是表达原因,有时可以与because of 或with the
help of互换。例如:
Thanks to John’s kind help, we finished early. 多亏约翰的好心帮助,我们才早早完成。Thanks for sending me such a nice
present. 谢谢你寄给我这么好的礼物。
2. What do you think of..?
(1) think of意为“考虑;就……思考”。提问对某人或某事的看法应该用疑问词what。此时think of可与think about互换。例如:
Are you thinking about/of the question? 你在考虑那个问题吗?
(2) What do/did sb. think about/ of…? 这是询问某人对某事(人)的看法常用的句型,意为“……认为……怎么样?”,答语往往是对某物(人)的评价。例如:
— What do you think about / of the book written by him?
你认为他写的那本书怎么样?
— It is very good. 很好。
(3) What do you think of…?可以和How do you like…?互换。例如:
What do you think of the film? = How do you like the film?
你认为这部电影怎么样?
3. Talent shows are getting more and more popular.
getting more and more popular意为“越来越流行”。此固定结构“比较级+ and+比较级”或“more and more + 原级(多音节词和部分双音节词)”意为“越来越……”。例如:
Our city is more and more beautiful. 我们的城市越来越美丽了。
More and more countries begin to save the financial crisis.
越来越多的国家开始拯救金融危机。
4. That’s up to you to decide.
(1)be up to意为“取决于”。例如:
How Greece fared would be up to the Greeks.
希腊的局势如何发展将取决于希腊人自己。
Whether go or not will be up to you.
走不走由你决定。
(2)be up to意为“上升到”。例如:
If you applied the same measures to legacy fighters,the
cost would be up to$ 3 trillion.
如果你对传统战斗机采用相同的标准,其成本可能上升到3万亿美元。
5. It has the worst service.
the worst service意为“最差的服务”。形容词最高级前一般要加冠词the,意为“最……”。例如:
This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。 He is the tallest in the class.他在他们班最高。
【拓展】
以下几种情况最高级前不加the:
(1)the+序数词+最高级(形容词)+可数名词单数,表示“第几大、长等……”。例如:
I think the computer is the first most useful tool of all.
我想电脑是最有用的工具。
(2)形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不再加the。例如:
Wu Fen is my best friend. 吴芬是我最要好的朋友。
(3)most前加定冠词the表示最高级,加不定冠词a表示“非常”。例如:
She is a most beautiful girl. 她是一个非常美丽的女孩。
四、语法精讲
形容词和副词的比较级与最高级
1.比较级及最高级名言
Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。
Learning makes the wise wiser and the fool more foolish.学问使聪明人更聪明,使愚人更愚。
A good fame is better than a good face.美名胜过美貌。
Don’t try to look bigger and better than you really are.
不要装得比自己真实形象更高大,更完美。
The deepest feeling always shows itself in silence.最深沉的爱往往表现为沉默。
The greatest talker are the least doers.理论的巨人,行动的矮子。
Science is the most important and the most beautiful thing
that man ever requires.
科学是人类所需要的最重要和最美好的东西。
He that runs fastest gets the ring.捷足先登。
2.形容词及副词比较级及最高级的定义 大多数的形容词和副词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用much, even, a little 修饰,其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,需要用到形容词(副词)的最高级。表达“……是最……的”,用“the+形容词(副词)的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。例如:
He is much taller than I. 他比我要高得多。
I jump a little higher than he. 我跳得比他高一点点。
London is the biggest city in Britain.伦敦是英国最大的城市。
She sings the best in Class Two.二班她唱歌最好。
【用法讲解】
1. 形容词和副词比较级、最高级的变化规则
(1)规则变化的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级
一般在词尾直接加er或est。
例如:tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest
以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st。
例如:nice-nicer-nicest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est。
例如:heavy-heavier-heaviest
重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est。
例如:big-bigger-biggest
部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级。
例如:slowly-more slowly-most slowly;beautiful-more
beautiful-most beautiful
(2)不规则变化的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级 2. 比较级和最高级句型:
(1)形容词及副词比较级的句型:
1)比较级+:……比……较为……。即:“A +动词+形容
词或副词比较级+than+B”。两者相比较,A比B更……一些。例如:
His brother is younger than I(me). 他弟弟比我年轻。
Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan. 北京比武汉更漂亮。
【注意】
在比较级前有时可加一些修饰语,如much, a lot, a little, still,
even等以示强调或加强语气。例如:
This box is a little heavier than yours.
这个箱子比你的要稍重一些。
This movie is much more interesting than that one.
这部影片比那部有趣得多。
2)as... as:……和……相同。即:A+动词+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B,表示A和B两者比较,程度相同,“……和……相同”。例如:
My uncle is as tall as your father. 我叔叔和你父亲一样高。
My dog is as old as that one. 我的狗与那个狗一样大。
3)A+not+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B 表示A,B两者程度不同,即“A不如B那么……”。例如:
My uncle is not as tall as your father. 我叔叔不如你父亲高。 Tom is not as honest as John. 汤姆不如约翰诚实。
He can’t run as /so fast as you. 他没你跑得快。
4)“比较级+ and+比较级”或“more and more + 原级(多音节词和部分双音节词)”意为“越来越……”。
例如:Our city is more and more beautiful. 我们的城市越来越美丽了。
More and more countries begin to save the financial crisis.
越来越多的国家开始拯救金融危机。
5)“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”意为“越……就越……”。例如:
The more you read, the more you know. 你书读得越多,你知道得就越多。
(2)形容词及副词最较级的句型:
1)…one of the +最高级+名词复数,意为“……之一”。例如:
Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.
鲁迅是上世纪最伟大的作家之一。
2)…最高级+of (in/among)…,意为“……之中,最……”。例如:
Of all the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.
在所有的电影明星之中,我认为章子怡是最好的。
3) This is / was + 最高级+名词+that定语从句,意为“这是最……”。例如:
This is the worst film that I have seen these years.
这是我这些年来看过的最不好的一部电影。
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级需要注意点:
(1)当比较级后面有of the two…之类的词语时,比较级前要加定冠词the。例如:Lucy is the taller of the twins.
Lucy是双胞胎中比较高的那个。
(2)如果后面接名词时,much more + 不可数名词,many
more + 可数名词复数。例如:The farmers have produced much
more rice. 这些农夫收了更多的稻谷。
(3)old的比较级形式有older和elder。elder只用于兄弟妹的长幼关系。例如:My elder brother is a famous artist. 我哥哥是一名有名的艺术家。
(4)far的比较级形式有farther和further。一般farther表示距离,而further表示更进一步。例如:I have nothing further to
say.我没有什么要说的了。
(5) 形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,但如果最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时,则不用定冠词。例如:
My oldest daughter is 16 years old. 我最大的女儿16岁。
(6) 形容词最高级常与由介词in或of引导的表示范围的短语连用。若介词后的名词或代词与句中的主语是同一事物时,则用of短语;当只说明是在某一空间、时间范围内的比较时,则用in短语。例如:
This apple is the biggest of all. 在所有的苹果中,这个苹果最大。
He is the youngest in his class. 他在他班里年龄最小。
(7) 形容词最高级前可用序数词限定,共同修饰后面的名词,其结构为:the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词。例如:Hainan is the
second largest island in China. 海南是中国的第二大岛。
(8) 形容词最高级的意义还可以用比较级形式表达。常见的有:
1)形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词。例如:
This book is more difficult than any other book here.
= This book is the most difficult book of all.
这些书当中这本最难。
2) 形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词。例如:
Asia is bigger than the other continents on the earth.亚洲是地球上最大的洲。
(9) 形容词最高级前若有不定冠词a,这时,它不表示比较,而表示“非常”的意思。例如:
Spring is a best season. 春天是一个非常好的季节。
综合练习 词汇精练
I.汉译英。
1. 离……近______________
2. 大屏幕______________________
3. 思考,考虑______________
4. 做……的调查_________________
5. 至于____________________
6. 获得……奖__________________
7. 最差的服务______________ 8. 最便宜的价格________________
9. 在中国南部_____________10. 才艺表演___________________
II.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填空。
1. I think Town cinema has the most c________ seats.
2. It has the friendliest ________(服务).
3. Jason has good ________(质量) clothes.
4. The radio station is c________ to the bookshop. Let’s walk
there.
5. She should give her s________ to the old on the bus.
6. There are several cushions to c______ from.
7. Women officers ______ _______ (占)13 per cent of the police
force
8. How do you________ ________(寻)memories?
9. Economic policy will also _______ _______ _______. (发挥作用).
10. He a_________ Othello at the Royal Theater that evening.
III. 用单词的适当形式填空。
1. The Ice and Snow Festival ________(last) about six days last
year.
2. The price of a hotel room ________(be) about 30 yuan a
night.
3. Helongjiang is in ________(north) China.
4. He went to out without ________(say) a word. 5. He spent two hours in ________(read) the story.
6. They need ________(wear) warm clothes.
7. There ________(be) a little milk in the glass.
8. Who is the ________(good) in physics in your class?
9. Little Tom is now much ________(happy) than he was two
years ago.
10. The students ________(be) busy now. They ________(have)
an exam next week.参考答案
I、汉译英。
1. (be) close to
2. big screens
3. think about/ of
4. do a survey of
5. as for
6. win the prize for
7. the worst service
8. the cheapest price
9. in the south of China 10. talent show
II、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示填空。
1. comfortable
2. service
3. quality
4. close
5. seat
6. choose
7. make up
8. look for
9. play a role 10. acted
III、用单词的适当形式填空。
1. lasted 2. is
3. northern
4. saying
5. reading
6. to wear
7. is
8. best
9. happier 10. are; will have
句式精练
I.句型转换,每空一词。
1. I think Jim is the funniest performer. (就划线部分提问)
__________ __________ __________ __________ is the funniest
performer?
2. Tim is tall. Ted is taller. Tom is taller than Ted. (合并为一句)
Tom is the __________ __________ all the three.
3. She is not old enough to go to school.(改为同义句)
She is __________ __________ __________ go to school.
4. I go to school, but I don’t have breakfast. (改为同义句)
I go to school __________ __________breakfast.
5. The price of the jeans is 120 yuan. (就划线部分提问)
__________ the __________ of the jeans?
6. What does he think about the music group?(改为同义句)
__________ __________ he __________ the music group?
7. We need two more persons to help us. (改为同义句)
We need __________ __________ persons to help us.
8. The man goes to see the doctor once a month. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ does the man go to see the doctor?
9. Let’s go fishing on Sunday. (改为同义句)
__________ __________ going fishing on Sunday? 10. There’s something wrong with my watch.(改为否定句)
There’s __________ __________ with my watch.
II.完成句子,每空一词。
是班上最高的女孩子。
Lucy is __________ __________ __________ __________her class.
2.那家餐厅离我家最近。
The restaurant is __________ __________ __________ my home.
3.听听班上同学对动作片的看法是很有趣的。
It was __________ __________ __________ __________ the class
__________ __________
action movies.
4.这将由出版商和书籍的版权拥有者来决定
This will ______ ______________the publisher or the person who
holds the rights to the book.
5.水好像更冷了,越来越痛苦.
The water seems colder, ______ ______ ______ bitter.
III.补全对话(注意,有两项是多余的)。
阅读下面对话,从方框内7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话。
A: Bill, we’re too tired these days. 1
B: OK. Where would you like to go?
A: Some new films are on this week. Shall we go to the cinema?
B: 2 Which film would you like to see?
A: Let me look through the newspaper. Er … How about
Coming Home?
B: Yeah, I’ve heard of it. It’s so moving! 3
A: Cross is a little far. Let’s go to UME.
B: Good. But look at the sky! 4
A: Yes. The newspaper says it will be rainy tonight.
B: 5
A: The film will begin in two hours. We can go there after
super.
B: All right
参考答案
I、句型转换,每空一词。
1. Who do you think
2. tallest of
3. too young to
4. without having
5. What’s; price
6. How does; like
7. another two
8. How often
9. What/How about 10. nothing wrong II、完成句子,每空一词。
tallest girl in
2. the closest to
3. interesting to hear what; think about
4. be up to
5. more and more
III、补全对话(注意,有两项是多余的)。 1-5 GABDE